278 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



Lime. Eoach Harbor lime, at $2.50 a barrel in 

 Modesto. 



Broken Stone. Obtained from Folsom, Cal., at 

 $3.00 a cubic yard in Modesto. 



Gravel. Clean river sand, varying from 1-inch 

 pebbles to coarse sand, obtained from Dry Creek, about 

 three miles from the site of the experiments, at 10 

 cents a cubic yard. The charge for hauling to the 

 site was $1.50 per cub'ic yard. 



Puddle. Difficult to obtain. The only clay avail- 

 able was about three miles from the site, and it had 

 to be dug with picks. The charge for loading and 

 hauling was about $1.50 per cubic yard. 



Heavy Oil. Natural crude mineral oil (10% to 

 Iiy 2 ) degrees Beaume), from the Sunset District near 

 Bakersfield, Cal., containing not less than 60 to 80 

 per cent by weight of "D" grade asphalt. The per- 

 centage of asphalt is not always dependent on the 

 specific gravity. With two oils of the same grav- 

 ity, one may contain 80 per cent of asphalt 

 and the other none. The oil was obtained at 85 cents 

 a barrel (42 gallons), delivered on the site. 



Light Oil. Natural mineral oil (16 degrees grav- 

 ity) containing about 35 to 40 per cent of "D" grade 

 asphaltum. The price was 85 cents a barrel. 



Cost of Labor. All labor cost $2.50 for an eight- 

 hour day; one foreman at $5.00 for an eight-hour day; 

 and a teamster with team $4.50 per day. 



RESULTS OF OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS. 



A study of the table shows that cement concrete 3 

 inches thick stopped 86.4 per cent of the seepage which 

 occurred in an earth ditch excavated in the same ma- 

 terial. This percentage would probably have been 

 larger had the earth been more porous; for this would 

 make the loss in earth ditches greater, while the loss 

 from the cement concrete ditch would probably not 

 have been increased. This is true also, but probably 

 not to the same extent, for the other lined ditches. 

 However, it is quite safe to believe that in more porous 

 or open soil the percentage saved by lining would be 

 greater than shown in the table. 



While there is no doubt but that cement concrete 

 is the most efficient as regards seepage, it is also the 

 most expensive, being more than six times the cost 

 of the heavy oil lining (3 2-3 gallons per square yard), 

 which saves 50.4 per cent of the water which would 

 seep were the ditch not lined. This saving with the 

 concrete ditch is 86.6 per cent, or 1% times as large. 

 Where water is very valuable there is no doubt but that 

 the concrete ditch is more permanent and economical. 

 But where the water is not so scarce and a little waste 

 will do no damage, the expense of lining the ditch 

 with oil may be justified, while a more expensive lining 

 would be impracticable. 



The question will come up : "Is it economical to 

 use oil on a ditch to save 50 per cent or less of the 

 water which is being lost in ditches not lined?" Per- 

 hays there is a great deal of water, and in many irri- 

 gated districts the waste of water seeping from the 

 canals and laterals while large is small compared with 

 the larger waste due to over-irrigating the fields and to 

 poor methods of irrigation. These conditions will no 

 doubt better themselves as California becomes more 

 settled and the water is more economically used and 

 more valuable. 



THE TEMPLE PUMP. 



This is an illustration of the possibilities of the flow 

 of water that can be obtained from a well in a dry 

 country. The owner of this irrigation plant is B. M. 

 Wetzbarger, Brush, Colorado. The engine is a double 

 cylinder engine and a centrifugal pump manufactured 

 by the Temple Pump Company of Chicago. This en- 

 gine and pump are especially adapted to furnish a 

 steady stream of water under almost any conditions. 

 The engine is known as the "Master Workman" of the 

 double cylinder type. It possesses many advantages 

 over any single cylinder engine. It is more economical 

 in the use of fuel. It starts quicker and easier than 

 any single cylinder engine made. Without sacrificing 

 durability the double piston movement does not re- 

 quire as heavy fly wheels, moveover, it is so designed 

 that it does not require a heavy base to lift the wheels 

 from the floor which greatly reduces the weight making 

 it less cumbersome to haul from place to place. Its 

 vibration is far less than any single cylinder, although 

 it weighs less than half as much as an ordinary single 

 cylinder outfit. Many engines vibrate so viciously that 

 half the rated power cannot be used for portable pur- 

 poses. This engine occupies less space than any horizon- 

 tal engine and the arrangement of its mechanism enables 

 it to be controlled from its front contributing greatly 

 ...towards conveniency. All lubrication is by gravity 

 ' which means perfect lubrication, steady running, full 

 rated power and wider range of speed. Its mechanism 

 is in full view. Concealed mechanism is the worst kind 

 of complexity often causing needlessly expensive re- 

 pairs and making the simple facts of gas engine man- 

 agement an exasperating mystery. It is, therefore, es- 

 pecially adapted for beginners. The working parts of 

 the engine being visible the owner very soon knows 

 the purpose of each part. It is doubly more reliable 

 than a single cylinder engine. 



The centrifugal pumps made by the Temple Pump 

 Company of Chicago cost virtually nothing as the 

 Temple Pump Company guarantees that it requires so 

 much less power to operate the centrifugal pump. The 

 table of efficiency issued by its maker is proof of this 

 claim. The table of capacity which is guaranteed by 

 the Temple Pump Company is based on the economical 

 capacity. Any one of these Temple pumps by running 

 slightly faster or slower than the rated speed, pumps 

 50 per cent more or 70 per cent less than the rated 

 quantity and maintains 50 to 70 per cent of the 

 rated mechanical efficiency according to size. Note the 

 fact that the Temple Pump Company only use two 

 stage pumps for lifts 250 to 270 feet, which is entirely 

 due to the superior construction of these pumps. 



The above claims are made by the Temple Pump 

 Company of Chicago, a firm now in its fifty-fifth 

 year, which means reliability and conservatism in all 

 statements made. The IRRIGATION AGE can vouch for 

 the truth of any statement made by the Temple Pump 

 Company. 



r* ****!' 



Send S2.5O for The Irrigation Age 

 1 year, and the Primer of Irrigation 



