THE IRKJGATION AGE. 



659 



than that of the 1" square hole, hence the California water 

 companies in reducing the head to 5" were probably actuated 

 by the desire to keep the flow down to the required 11H gallons 

 per minute per square inch. 



To investigate the conditions of the flow through the 

 standard one-inch square opening let us consider the following 

 data: there are given the head as 6.5" .54 ft.; also the cross 

 section zz 1/144 sq. ft. = .0069, and the quantity 1.554 cu. 

 ft. per minute .0259 cu. ft.; divide ,0069 into .0259 gives 

 3.74 ft. as the velocity per second. 



The theoretical velocity^would be V V gh., or since 2V 2 

 gh. 8, it would be 8 /.54=8x.73=5.84 ft.; the loss between 

 the theoretical and observed velocity represents the loss due 

 to friction, thus dividing 5.84 into 3.74, which is .64, gives the 

 constant multiplier or coefficient for the theoretical velocity 

 with the opening one inch square. It is equivalent to a re- 

 duction in head, for if we square 3.74 and divide it by 2x32.16, 

 we get the effective head: .218 ft. zz 2.616. 



This loss decreases as the opening increases, which may be 

 seen from the annexed diagram which shows the discharge per 

 square inch for different sized openings, varying from 2"x4" 

 to 2"xlOO"; it also indicates clearly that the gain is most rapid 

 up to 12" or 16" widths, though there is a gain up to 100 inches. 



From the foregoing it is seen that the miners' inch is not 

 a very distinct unit to work from unless the quantity of water, 

 T'1.625 gallons per minute is taken as the unit. 



To revert back to the inquiry "how many acres can be irri- 

 gated by the water supply of a miners' inch ? 



It depends on how much water he will require per acre 

 per day. The miners' inch stream will furnish him in 24 

 hours 24x60x11.62516,740 gallons; divide this by 7.48 gives 

 him 2,238 cu. ft. An acre has 43,560 sq. ft. of area; multiply 

 2,238 by 12 gives 26,856 sq ft. one inch deep of water; divide 

 this by 43,560 and you will have the depth of the water over 

 one acre; this is about .62 inch or nearly ^ inch. It is 

 safe to say though that all this water will not reach the land, 

 as there will be a loss due to evaporation, seepage, leaks, and 

 other causes. 



Trusting that this information will be of service to you, we are, 

 Yours very truly, 



THE IRRIGATION AGE, 



D. H. ANDERSON, Editor. 



Great Dam Completed. 



One of the greatest engineering feats and earth con- 

 struction works upon the continent has just been com- 

 pleted at Necaxa, Mexico. It is the building of the largest 

 hydraulic fill dam in the world by the Mexican Light & 

 Power Company of the City of Mexico. It is larger than 

 the famous Gatun dam of the Panama canal, both struc- 

 tures being of the same type. 



Supreme Court Decisions 



Irrigation Cases 



INDIAN RESERVATION. 



No right of appropriation of the waters of a stream for 

 irrigation purposes can be acquired by one illegally occupying 

 land on an Indian reservation, prior to the opening of the 

 reservation to settlement under the homestead law. Avery v. 

 Johnson. Supreme Court of Washington. 109 Pacific 1028. 

 POLLUTION OF WATER. 



An appropriator making no use of water below another 

 appropriator's dam is not entitled to an injunction restraining 

 the other from polluting the water by allowing sheep to go 

 into it. Sullivan v. Jones. Supreme Court of Arizona. 108 

 Pacific 476. 



COMMON USE OF WATER. 



Consumers of water under contract with an irrigation 

 company cannot complain of any use of the canal granted 

 by its owner, or acquired by operation of law, not interfering 

 with their rights. Hackctt v. Larimer & Weld Reservoir Co. 

 Supreme Court of Colorado. 109 Pacific 965. 



IlRRIGATING INCREASING AREA. 



A diversion of water to irrigate an increased area of land 

 cannot relate to an appropriation made several years before, 

 where there was little diligence in cultivating the land under 

 such appropriation. Ison v. Sturg.ill. Supreme Court of Ore- 

 gon. 109 Pacific 579. 

 CHANGE OF PLACE OF STORAGE. 



Change of place of storage or use of water appropriated 

 for irrigation from one reservoir to another, so far as the 

 rights of appropriators are concerned, is analogous to a 

 change of place of use from one tract of land to another. 

 Windsor Reservoir & Canal Co. v. Lake Supply Ditch Co. 

 Supreme Court of Colorado. 98 Pacific 729. 



(Continued on page 662.) 



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