The following is the official utterance of the highest authority in the world. We would apo'ogize for printing it 

 were it not that there is even now an encrusted mind here and there which would have us believe that steel in the heart 

 of a concrete rock will rust. 



In 1909 a Committee of the Concrete Institute of Great Britain undertook to obcain complete information covering 

 the corrosion of steel rods in reinforced concrete. About one thousand circulars were sent to representative engineers, 

 the replies to which were the basis of their conclusions. These are as follows : 



"STEEL REINFORCEMENT WILL NOT RUST PROVIDED THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE 

 OBSERVED:" 



"THE CEMENT, SAND AND STONE FORMING THE CONCRETE MUST BE OF GOOD QUALITY." This 

 goes without saying. 



"THE CEMENT MUST BE CAREFULLY PROPORTIONED SO AS TO FORM A DENSE, NON-POROUS 

 MATERIAL." This implies the use of a rich concrete and comparatively small aggregates, which has been our practice 

 from the first. 



"A GOOD WET MIXTURE SHOULD BE USED AND GREAT CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO MINIMIZE 

 THE OCCURRENCE OF VOIDS." The specification of a "wet mixture" is pretty near the key to the whole situation 

 as all well posted Engineers now fully understand. Moreover it should be "slop wet." 



"THE CONCRETE COVERING SHOULD IN NO CASE BE LESS THAN J /2 INCH. IN CASES WHERE THE 

 SURFACE OF THE CONCRETE IS EXPOSED TO WATER OR TO DAMPNESS THE THICKNESS OF THE COV- 

 ERING SHOULD BE INCREASED AT LEASE 60%." In other words, if the concrete is exposed to water the Institute 

 says that it will not rust if covered with -'4" of concrete! Now in building our dams the thinnest covering in the location 

 most exposed to the water is 15" and from that up to 4' or more! 



"THE REINFORCEMENT SHOULD NOT BE CROWDED BUT SHOULD ALLOW THE CONCRETE TO PASS 

 FREELY AROUND ALL PARTS OF THE STEEL." We rarely set the steel closer than 6" centers. 



"ALL STEEL SHOULD BE FIRMLY SUPPORTED DURING THE POURING OF THE CONCRETE IN ORDER 

 TO PREVENT MISPLACEMENT." We use concrete "gaggers" to fix the exact distance of the rods from the forms, 

 and they become a pait of the mass. 



Along this same line we have just received a letter from the Chief Engineer of the Water Department of one of 

 our leading cities. He sends us a piece cut from a wrought iron, cement-lined water main. He says: "The pipe was lined 

 with cement and has been under water pressure for nearly 40 years. We are now removing some 8000 feet of this cement 

 pipe and in no case do we find it rusted from the inside out, but always from the outside in." Very respectfully. 



AMBURSEN HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTION CO., l 'TESTS s Boston, Mass. 



All inquiries from Canada should be addressed to Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Co. of Canada, Ltd, 405 Dorchester St. West, Montreal, P. Q. 



iiv OIVK> 



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