60 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



be much more than .025. However, it is well that the ca- 

 pacity is above present requirements ; there are splendid 

 controlling works at Lockport which regulate the flow pre- 

 cisely to what is wanted by increasing or decreasing the 

 slope of the flow. 



The applications shown above relate merely to the prin- 

 ciples involved ; as a matter of fact the slopes in use are 

 much smaller than what is indicated and they are deter- 

 mined by the controlling works at Lockport. 



9. The Chicago River. 



The foregoing subject is closely related to the Chicago 

 river, which will be discussed in this paragraph from the 

 hydraulic point of view. The topography of the water shed 

 of the Chicago river near Lake Michigan has a very gentle 

 slope toward that body of water, and the different branches 

 of the river are therefore particularly adapted for harbor 

 purposes. Before the completion of the main drainage canal, 

 when the sewage of Chicago was pumped from the Chicago 

 river into the Illinois and Michigan canal, it was a common 

 occurrence to notice the river flow first toward the lake and 

 then toward the canal; the former occurred after heavy 

 rain storms when the pumps at Bridgeport were unable to 

 cope with the flood. At such times and during protracted 

 flo63s the black waters of the river would enter the lake and 

 often reach the intake cribs of the Chicago water supply, 

 contaminating same. The completion of the sanitary canal 

 gave Chicago permanent relief from this, and gave a positive 

 outlet to the Chicago river into the drainage basin of the 

 Desplaines river. 



The Chicago river within the limits of Chicago is prin- 

 cipally used as a harbor and for navigation ; this implies 

 that the velocity of the current should be low at all times 

 to prevent accident to shipping. For this reason the cross 

 section of the river is 

 made ample. 



Figure 88 shows an - ft , 00 - - e - 



older typical section of g| a; 



the Chicago river, hav- ml. ,,..., .,,,,,.,,"X,,iiu 



ing a width of 200 ft. Fig- 88. 



and a depth varying from 14 ft. at the dock lines to 20 ft in 

 midriver. The effective flow area is composed of 16 X 50 

 = 850 + 100 X 20 = 2,000 + 16 X 50 = 850 =3,700 sq. ft. ; 

 the wetted perimeter equals: 14 -f- 50 - 36 + 10 + 50 - 36 + 

 14 = 228.72, hence the hydraulic radius equals: 



3,700 -r- 228.72 = 16."l8, hence: 



V 16.18 = 4.02. 



GOOD NEWS FOR THE SETTLERS. 



Under the ruling of the secretary of the interior 

 no steps will be taken until March 15 to enforce forfeiture 

 for failure to make payment entries and water right appli- 

 cations on reclamations which become due December 1, 

 1911. 



This extension of time is applicable to cases in which 

 the orders issued in pursuance to the act of February 5, 

 1911, merely postponed action regarding delinquent pay- 

 ment to December 1, 1911, as in the cases of the Shoshone, 

 Wyo., project. For this project no action 'will be taken 

 upon delinquencies occurring March 1 and December 1, 

 1911, until after March 15, 1912, at which time both in- 

 stallments must be paid. 



For the North Platte, Wyoming-Nebraska and Carls- 

 bad, N. M., projects, public notices are being prepared 

 providing for graduated payments and extension of time, 

 and pending their issuance no action looking to cancella- 

 tion on account of non-payment v/ill be taken untii after 

 March 15, 1912. 



CORRESPONDENCE 



In its publication of the results of studies of the 

 water resources of the country the United States Geo- 

 may be successfully closed by using small burlap sacks 

 filled with earth and laid in such a manner as to stop the 

 flow of the water. If there is not too much water flowing, 

 the break may be stopped, it not being necessary to turn 

 the water out of the lateral for repairs. R. L. Parshall, 

 Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Collins. 



DO IT NOW. 



Remit $2.50 for the "Primer of Hydraulics," cloth 

 bound; it will be ready in January, 1912. 



SOME VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS. 



Chicago, November 6, 1911. 

 D. H. Anderson, Esq., 



IRRIGATION AGE, 

 Chicago, 111. 



Dear Sir: I take this opportunity of tendering you 

 my very best thanks for the very kind interest you have 

 displayed toward a "wandering cousin" from the "Land 

 of the Southern Cross." My trip to Chicago, although 

 rather a hurried one, has been most interesting and in- 

 structive. The city is really a most marvelous one when 

 its age is considered. This wonderful growth is, as far 

 as I can gather, due to three causes. One, its splendid 

 geographical position. Tivo, the great natural resources 

 of the surrounding country, and, three, the colossal spirit 

 of enterprise on the part of its inhabitants, who apparently 

 are striving for all they are worth to make it truly one of 

 the very first cities of the world. May their laudable ob- 

 ject, at no far distant date, be attained. 



When I left Australia in April last I expected to 

 have had the pleasure of attending the Nineteenth Irri- 

 gation Congress, which I understood from Mr. Elwood 

 Mead, of Victoria, would take place about September last. 

 Naturally I was much disappointed when I became ap- 

 prised of the fact that it had been deferred until Decem- 

 ber. From what I can gather, the country around Chi- 

 cago will then be clothed in true winter garb. As a result 

 there will be but little or nothing to interest one in the 

 matter of crops, irrigation or drainage. 



As my trip abroad has already been prolonged beyond 

 the original intentions, I have decided not to await the 

 congress in question, much as I would like to do so. 



I had the pleasure of attending the Dry Farming Con- 

 gress at Colorado Springs last month, when I much appre- 

 ciated meeting quite a number of the leading agriculturists 

 of your great country, in addition to the international 

 fellow delegates. 



While on the subject I would like to record my views 

 briefly on this great "agricultural movement" as a most 

 powerful factor in promoting the welfare of the producers 

 of the world at large and the peace of the latter which 

 is desired by the majority of mankind. To secure the 

 finest results a reorganization of the Dry Farming Inter- 

 national Congress is, in my opinion, an imperative neces- 

 sity. 



First, I woulci suggest the formation of district cir- 

 cles for the purpose of keeping the local producers closely 

 in touch with each other on all matters connected with 

 dry farming, irrigation; and all general principles likely to 

 promote the common welfare of the farmers, both "wet" 

 and "dry." 



Second, the holding of a state convention once a year 

 at which delegates from all district circles could attend 

 and mutually assist each other and the state by discussing 

 matter of general interest and deciding upon the best gen- 

 eral method of cultivation, etc. 



Third, the holding of an annual national convention 

 once a year in different states :n turn. Here all national 

 questions could be dealt with likely to benefit the pro- 

 ducers at large within the confines of the Union. 



Fourth, provision for the international congress to be 

 held in the various great centers of agricultural activity 

 of the world in rotation. Here all questions of general 

 principles, as far as could be made adoptable to the dif- 

 ferent varying climatic conditions, might be discussed, and 

 decided upon. 



The opportunities afforded the delegates from the 

 respective countries in meeting with each other and dis- 

 cussing matters of general interest to the producer, in 

 addition to the privileges of their personally inspecting 

 the different systems and methods of cultivation, etc., in 

 actual operation would. I feel assured, result in an all- 

 around improvement in the economic agricultural prin- 

 ciples and practices of the world at 'arge. 



Such an organization as far as applicable to be adopted 

 by all countries directly interested. 



