100 



THE IERIGATION AGE. 



j = .0001 we obtain a velocity of 2.25 ; let x = required 

 slope, tlien : 



\/x : V- 00 l = 3 - 65 : 2 - 25 . hence 

 .01 X 3.65 



V* = = .0162; then .r = .0162 X .0162; 



2.25 



hence J = .000266, which is the required grade. To check 

 this, find flow of 12 ft. sewer flowing .93 full on 

 above grade. ./? is found _from table XV by multiplying 

 .2918 by 12 = 3.502, and_V^? = 1-87. From table VI under 

 slope .0002 and for -\/r = 1.8 we find C = 120.5; hence 

 we find v = 120.5 X 1.87 X .0162 = 3.65 ft.; the flow area 

 in the 12 ft. sewer equals 12 X 12 X .7612 = 109.61 sq. ft., 

 hence the maximum flow will equal 109.01 X 3.65 = 400 

 cub. ft. per second. This is slightly less than thejreal ca- 

 pacity, as the factor C was evidently taken for -\/r = 1.8; 

 for V = 1-87 it should be taken larger in proportion, as 

 follows : 



C for 1.8 = 120.5. 



C for 2.0 = 124.5. 



This is a variation of 4 units for an advance of .2 

 in the V> then the proportional part for 1/10 would be - 

 units, for 1/100 it would be .2, and for 7/100 it would be 

 1.4 ; this should be added to 120.5, which makes the true 

 C = 121.9 ; this increases v = 3.79 and the maximum ca- 

 pacity to 415.52 cub. ft. per second. 



The foregoing illustrations show how to handle problems 

 of circular conduits flowing partially full. 



HOMESTEADS. 



Settlement upon land while it is covered by the entry 

 of another confers no right on cancelation of the entry 

 as against the government. 



The government's rights under any valid withdrawal 

 at once attach to the exclusion of any settlement or other 

 right initiated while such entry was of record. 



In construing Section 2289 of the Revised Statutes, 

 the maxim, "De minimis non curat lex," cannot properly 

 be invoked to justify a plain disregard of the statutory 

 limit as to the area of the land ownership disqualifying 

 from homestead entry. Case of Amidon vs. Hagdale 

 (39 L. D., 131) overruled. 



The homestead law is a donation of public lands con- 

 ditional upon the performance of certain acts. Its pur- 

 pose is to establish agricultural homes on the public 

 domain, and, in case of the death of the entryman, the 

 widow or heirs should proceed at once to cultivate during 

 the proper season of each year and improve the land, and 

 continue such cultivation and improvement for such 

 period of time as, when added to the time during which 

 the entryman had complied with the law, would make 

 compliance for the full period required by the statute. 

 Citing Schooley vs. Heirs of Varnum (33 L. D., 45). 



The law requires merely an annual expenditure to the 

 requisite amount in good faith for purposes of reclama- 

 tion. It does not require the first or any other annual 

 proof shall effect reclamation, but the expenditure must 

 be necessarily intended to effect it, and the reclamation 

 must be effected within the time allowed. Citing Steven- 

 son vs. Scharry (34 L. D., 675). 



Mere expenditure to a required amount cannot be 

 accepted as compliance with the law. but the reasonable 

 value of the work done is the criterion, not the amount 

 the entryman claims to have expended for it. Citing 

 Bradley vs. Vasold (36 L. D., 106). 



When land is withdrawn of record under provisions 

 of law, in anticipation of an irrigation project, a prior 

 entry thereof may be allowed when it appears that the 

 land embraced in the entry is subject to irrigation and 

 to a large extent irrigated from a private irrigation ditch, 

 and is so situated as not to be irrigable from any gov- 

 ernment project in cour.se of construction or even in 

 contemplation. 



ENCOURAGING IRRIGATION. 



Mr. C. J. Blanchard, statistician of the U. S. Reclama- 

 tion Service, has just returned from an extended trip of 

 investigation in the west, covering more than 16,000 miles. 

 During a portion of the trip he accompanied Secretary 

 Fisher of the Department of the Interior. 



"The irrigated West as a whole is enjoying the pros- 

 perity which always accompanies good crops," said Mr. 

 Blanchard. "Our inland empire, which includes a large 

 part of Idaho, Montana, Washington and Oregon, was 

 bountifully blessed with rich harvests. The yield of wheat 

 on the dry uplands are heavy, while the irrigated valleys 

 report the usual tonnage of hay, sugar beets and a big 

 crop of apples. The latter crop promises to be the best 

 in several years in size and quality. 



"The most striking and impressive feature of the 

 rapid development of the Great American Desert is the 

 growth on the small farms. Intensive farming, careful 

 and thorough cultivation, are shown on all the reclama- 

 tion projects. The majority of these farmers show a high 

 order of intelligence. All the details of planning model 

 farms are well thought out, and the consideration of the 

 home itself has not been overlooked. Many of these val- 

 leys were uninhabited and covered with sage-brush a half 

 a dozen years ago. Today they present the appearance 

 of an old-settled country. Artistic and beautiful homes, 

 already shaded with cottonwood and locust trees, are lo- 

 cated at well-placed intervals along the main highways, in 

 many sections 16 to 32 of these houses in each mile. Broad 

 vistas of alfalfa and grain fields have replaced the sage- 

 brush. Cities and towns, ranging from several thousand 

 to a few hundred in population have sprung up. The 

 dweller in the town has not been behind the tiller of the 

 soil in planning his home or pride of his town. Parks, 

 boulevards, and lawns are well kept, and the character 

 of the business blocks are indications of the substantial 

 foundation upon which the community has been estab- 

 lished. One cannot visit these growing centers of wealth 

 and beauty without being impressed with a feeling of 

 pride in the courage and abiding faith of these pioneers 

 who have waged successful battle with the desert. In 

 this land of sunshine you hear but little about failure, 

 and you see but little want and poverty. 



"I visited many of our irrigation projects this summer, 

 and without exception noted a marked improvement in 

 the condition of the settlers. Many of them, and espe- 

 cially those whose means were limited, have encountered 

 difficulties and hardships. A few have been discouraged 

 and have given up the fight, but a large majority have 

 made good. The government has been learning some- 

 thing, too, about the actual requirements of successful 

 farming in the desert, and Secretary Fisher has expressed 

 a willingness to extend to the settler all the assistance 

 and co-operation which can be given under the law. As 

 he well expressed it in one of his speeches, "The obliga- 

 tion of the government is first of all to the man now on 

 the land rather than to the settlers who may come later. 

 Where the difficulties in establishing a home are greatest 

 by reason of unfavorable conditions of soil or climate, he 

 will put into effect a system of easy graduated payments, 

 making the burden upon the settler lighter during the 

 first years on his land. Some of the provisions of the law 

 are onerous and work hardships upon the settler. Con- 

 gress undoubtedly will be asked to modify them." 



Twenty-five farmers living in Otter Creek valley, west 

 of Mountain Park, Okla., are preparing to charter a 

 company with a capital stock of $2'5,000 to irrigate several 

 thousand acres of land in that section. Work was be- 

 gun December first. The plan, as outlined, does not inter- 

 fere with the government's Red River project, as this 

 land covers a territory adjacent to that project. 



The Eldorado Irrigation and Farming Company of 

 Eldorado, Okla., has filed articles of incorporation with 

 the Secretary of State. Capital stock, $5,500. Incorpora- 

 tors are Dr. T. A. Lowery, Frank Schultz, C. A. Boyd 

 and J. E. Bodenhamer, all of Eldorado. 



