THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



143 



soil probably comes from the fact that in many instances 

 the soils have been growing large crops for many years 

 and the crops following alfalfa do better than those fol- 

 lowing non-leguminous crops. This is due to the fact 

 that alfalfa extends its roots many feet into the ground, 

 utilizing the fertility not reache'd by the roots of other 

 plants, and putting the soil in good physical condition. 



The foregoing is but one of the many lessons which 

 were taught to those who attended this year's National 

 Dairy Show. The trip to the show amply repaid all of 

 those who went to Chicago. As the educational features 

 of the show will be broadened in 1912, it would be well 

 for those who are interested not only in dairying but in 

 the growing of alfalfa, corn and the other farm crops 

 which are of general importance in dairy husbandry, to 

 make up their minds to attend. 



"A perfect soil is one which contains the ingredients 

 in perfect proportions; sand, to enable it to absorb air 

 and moisture in proper amounts, and to render it warm 

 and friable; clay, to keep it cool, and prevent a too rapid 

 leaching or evaporation of water; lime, 10 assist in the 

 decay of vegetable matter, and organic matter to retain 

 the best amount of moisture, and to furnish material for 

 the various chemical processes continually going on in 

 good soils.'' 



These perfect conditions seldom occur in nature, 

 although it is in the power of man to produce them. But 

 perfect soils are not to be had without great labor and 

 care, and generally it is more important for the farmer to 

 adapt himself to his soil and make it produce the best it is 

 capable of doing than to attempt to change its character. 



It is of prime importance fur the farmer to study his soil 

 '."i</ learn its characteristics, for every kind of soil calls for a 

 ! : >tle different treatment, and an intelligent practice must be 

 based on definite information regarding the needs of his par- 

 ticular soil. 



That the manufacture of cement is an American in- 

 dustry is shown by the fact that while our production 

 last year was over 75,000,000 barrels our imports were 

 only 306,8(5., barrels. Our exports were 2,475.957 barrels. 

 About 60,000 acres are embraced in this project. 



Ready Now: The Primer of Hydraulics 



By FREDERICK A. SMITH, C.E., Hydraulic Engineer 



AN INTERESTING TABLE. 



The following is the reclaimable swamp area by states, 

 according to the statistical abstract of the United States, 

 for 1910, issued by the Department of Commerce and 

 Labor: 



Acres. Acres. 



\labama 1,120,000 New Jersey 601,900 



Arkansas 5,760,000 New York 576,000 



California 1,850,000 North Carolina... 2,400,000 



Connecticut 37,700 North Dakota 226,000 



Delaware 200,000 Ohio 200,000 



Florida 18,500,000 Oklahoma 35,000 



Georgia 2,400,000 Oregon 500,000 



Illinois 2,688,000 Pennsylvania 96.000 



Indiana 1,000,000 Rhode Island 17,900 



Iowa 800,000 South Carolina. . . 1,760,000 



Kansas 160,000 South Dakota .... 226,000 



Kentucky 224,000 Tennessee 800,000 



Louisiana 9,600,000 Texas 1,620,000 



Maine 240,000 Vermont 70,000 



Maryland 356,000 Virginia 384,000 



Massachusetts . . . 138,000 Washington 75,000 



Michigan 4,400,000 West Virginia 2.500 



Minnesota 4,500,000 Wisconsin 2.500,000 



Mississippi 6,173,000 Wyoming 25.000 



Missouri 1,920,000 



'Nebraska 256.000 Total 74,541,700 



New Hampshire.. 43,000 



DO IT NOW. 



Remit $2.50 for the "Primer of Hydraulics," cloth 

 "bound. 



THIS SAVES YOU FIFTY CENTS. 



Remit $3.00 for one year's subscription to THE IRRI- 

 GATION ACE and one copy of the "Primer of Hydraulics," 

 cloth bound. 



This new bdok is a splendid volume of over 200 pages of 

 absolutely new matter pertaining to the subject of Hydraulics 

 and its allied branches. All the subjects treated of are han- 

 dled in a simple and practical way to make them of use to the 

 men who have been unable to obtain a college education, but 

 who are successful practical men in fiel'ds where they require 

 a knowledge of the principles of Hydraulics and instructions 

 how to solve their problems in a simple and satisfactory 

 way. This book is indispensable for anyone engaged in 

 works relating to Hydraulics, Irrigation or Drainage; it 

 is primarily designed for the practical man in the field, 

 but will be equally welcome to the trained Hydraulic 

 Municipal and Railroad Engineer especially, on account of the 

 many valuable tables compiled by the author, which will save 

 a tremendous amount of time in computations. 



Condensed Table of Contents. 

 Article I. General Properties of Matter. 



Article II. Algebraic Principles. 



Article III. Geometrical Principles. 

 Article IV. Trigonometry. 

 Article V. Mensuration of Plane Figures. 



Article VI. Mensuration of Solids. 

 Article VII. The Principles of Mechanical Forces. 

 Article VIII. The Three States of Matter. 

 Article IX. General Hydraulic Principles. 

 Article X. The Coefficient of Roughness. 



Article XI. How to calculate n. 



Article XII. Explanation of the "C" Tables. 

 Article XIII. Open Channels Problems. 

 Article XIV. Closed Channels Problems. 

 Article XV. Pipes Flowing Full Under Pressure. 

 Article XVI. Loss of Head by Enlargement of Channel. 

 Article XVII. Subdivisions of Channels. 

 Article XVIII. Loss of Head at Entrance to Pipes. 

 Article XIX. Ditches. 



Article XX. Ditch Tables and Their Applications. 

 Article XXI. Flow Measurements. 

 Article XXII. The Use of Logarithms. 



Tables. 



Fourteen tables giving the factor C for all cases of chan- 

 nels for a coefficient of roughness ; varying from 

 008 to .050, inclusive, for channels having a hydraulic 

 radius from .01 ft. to 900.0 and for slopes varying from 

 0.1 to .000025, thus practically covering every possible 

 condition. 



Tables of square roots of numbers used for r and J. 

 Table of Hydraulic Elements of the Circle. 

 Table of Hydraulic Elements of Composite Section. 

 Table of Areas and Circumferences of Circles. 

 Table of Hydraulic Equivalents. 



Table of Weights of a Cubic Foot of Various Substances. 

 Conversion Table of United States and Metric Measures 



and Weights. 



Table of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots and Cube Roots. 

 Table of Logarithms. 

 Table of Natural Sines and Cosines. 

 Table of Natural Tangents and Cotangents. 

 Conversion Table, millions of gallons in 24 hours in other 



units. 



Taoie of sizes of pipes or cylindrical conduits required for 

 the flow of given quantities of water at given veloc- 

 ities. 



Most all of these tables have been originated and 

 computed by the author and have been checked in prac- 

 tical work and found to be correct, so that the tables alone 

 will be worth many times the cost of the oook. 



The price of the book has been placed as low as is 

 consistent with the superior quality of the work and it 

 may be obtained on the following terms: C2.50 a single 

 copy, cloth bound; if order is sent with a new subscrip- 

 tion to Irrigation Age or a renewal subscription, the 

 book will be sent and the Irrigation Age one year for 

 the sum of $3.00. 



Postage is included in the above prices. 

 Send in your orders early, so as to receive early 

 attention. 



Send all orders and remittances to 



Irrigation Age, 30 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. 



