216 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



ment. Get rid of all possibility of the cement piles top- 

 pling over by laying the bags, as a mason would say, 

 "headers and stretchers"; that is, alternately lengthwise 

 and crosswise, so as to tie the pile together. Examine 

 the building frequently to see that there are no leaks in 

 the roof or side walls. 



Even on the work, never pile cement on the ground 

 or on bricks. Throw down a few blocks, lay boards upon 

 them and make a dry floor for the cement. Have just 

 enough cement on the work to keep things going. A 

 good tarpaulin is handy to cover up the cement in case 

 of a sudden shower. Always buy cement from the dealer 

 who has a dry storehouse. If the cement in the bag 

 has been wet, it is hard as a rock; do not use it under 

 any circumstances. However, do not mistake lumps 

 caused by pressure in the storehouse for "set-up" cement. 

 Such lumps crumble easily and the cement is perfectly 

 good. Take care of the Portland cement just as carefully 

 after receiving it as a good dealer does, and, properly 

 mixed with sand and stone or gravel, it will yield a build- 

 ing material proof for all time against fire and repairs. 



WATER RESOURCES OF THE NORTHWEST. 



The Geological Survey has recently issued a valuable 

 publication concerning the surface water resources of the 

 northwestern portion of the United States, the greater 

 part of which is occupied by the basin of Columbia River. 

 This river has a drainage area of 259,000 square miles. 

 Its sources is in British Columbia and its basin occupies 

 enormous areas in that province and in Montana, Wyom- 

 ing, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Nevada. The region 

 is one of great interest and value. Few river basins in 

 the country are so diverse. It contains some of the 

 highest peaks in America and some of the most fertile 

 valleys in the world. Some idea of the resources of the 

 basin may be had from the statement that the navigable 

 waters of the Columbia and its tributaries aggregate a 

 length of 2,136 miles. Within the area drained are the 

 largest forests in the world. The climate exhibits all the 

 variations from the rigor of the northern latitude to the 

 mildness of western Oregon and Washington. Agricul- 

 turally, the area ranges from the extremely arid region, 

 where irrigation is essential, through the semi arid coun- 

 try, where dry farming and irrigation are practiced side by 

 side, to the humid country, which, strictly speaking, is arid 

 during the summer. The values of the irrigated agricul- 

 tural land range from about $30 an acre for the poorest to 

 $3,000 an acre for the intensively cultivated orchards. 

 Within the Columbia River drainage basin are at least one- 

 third of the available water powers in the United States, 

 but development of this resource has scarcely begun. 



The study of the water resources of this great region 

 as carried on by the United States Geological Survey be- 

 comes therefore a matter of importance and interest. 

 Water-Supply Paper 272, of the Survey, which has just 

 been issued, contains a large amount of useful data result- 

 ing from the investigations of the streams of this area, in- 

 cluding the records of flow of the numerous large tributa- 

 ries as well as the main rivers. Among these tributaries 

 are Clark Fork, which occupies large areas in Idaho, Mon- 

 tana and British Columbia, and Snake River, which has 

 its origin in the Yellowstone Park region of Wyoming, 

 traverses the southern portion of Idaho, and on its way 

 drains large areas in Nevada. For a part of its course the 

 Snake forms the boundary between Idaho and Oregon, 

 and it traverses long distances in the State of Oregon be- 

 fore it finally joins the parent stream. In addition to 

 stream-flow data concerning the Columbia, the report con- 

 tains information concerning the water resources of the 

 coastal streams, such as the Rogue, Umpqua and Siletz, 

 located in Oregon, and the Cedar, Skagit and Cascade, 

 which drain into Puget Sound. The stream-flow observa- 

 tions presented in this report consist of records obtained 

 at 207 stations. About one-half of the expense of the 

 work is borne by the States of Oregon, Washington, 

 Idaho and Montana, which, under the authority of laws 

 enacted by the several legislatures, co-operate with the 

 United States Geological Survey in carrying on the work. 



A copy of Water Supply Paper 272 may be had free 

 on application to the Director of the United States Geo- 

 logical Survey, Washington, D. C. 



RECLAMATION ORGANIZATION. 



GENERAL OFFICES 



HON. WALTER LOWRIE FISHER, Secretary of the 

 Interior. 



BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM L. MARSHALL, U. S. A., retired, 

 consulting engineer to the Secretary of the Interior. 



FREDERICK HAYNES NEWELL, Director of the Recla- 

 mation Service, Washington, D. C. 



ARTHUR POWELL DAVIS, chief engineer, Washington, 

 D. C. 



PHILIP P. WELLS, chief law officer, Washington, D/C. 



MORRIS BIEN, supervising engineer, in charge land 

 and legal division, Washington, D. C. 



O. H. ENSIGN, chief electrical engineer, 605 Federal 

 Building, Las Angeles, Cal. 



D. W. Murphy, engineer, on field investigations, 605 Fed- 

 eral Building, Los Angeles, Cal. 



D. C. Henny, consulting engineer, 605 Spalding Building, 

 Portland, Oreg. 



A. J. Wiley, consulting engineer, Boise, Idaho. 



W. H. Sanders, consulting engineer, 915 Grand View 

 Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. 



J. H. Quinton, consulting engineer, 605 Wright and Cal- 

 lender Building, Los Angeles, Cal. 



W. W. Follett, consulting engineer, International (Water> 

 Boundary Commission, consultation on Rio Grande, El Paso, 

 Tex. 



S. W. Dick, transportation agent, 777 Federal Building, 

 Chicago, 111. 



C. J. Blanchard, statistician, Washington, D. C. 



E. C. Bebb, engineer, Washington, D. C. 



J. Y. Jewett, cement expert, 408 Commonwealth Building, 

 Denver, Col. 



B. G. Paul, chief clerk, Washington, D. C. 



V. G. Croissant, accountant, Washington, D. C. 



C. G. Guganne, fiscal agent, Washington, D. C. 



SOUTHERN DIVISION 

 Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, California 



L. C. HILL, supervising engineer, Phoenix, Ariz.; C. S. 

 Witbeck, examiner. 



Salt River Project. C. H. Fitch, project engineer,. 

 Phoenix, Ariz.; Jay D. Stannard and W. A. Parish, engineers; 

 H. S. Reed, engineer, operation and maintenance of canals;. 

 S. B. Taggart, chief clerk; H. E. Edington, fiscal agent. 



Yuma Project. F. L. Sellew, project engineer, Yuma, 

 Ariz.; L. M. Lawson, acting- project engineer; A. N. Kelley, 

 chief clerk; F. S. Cundiff, fiscal agent. 



New Mexico Projects. W. M. Reed, district engineer, El 

 Paso, Tex.; P. W. Dent, examiner; W. H. Frankland, chief 

 clerk. 



Carlsbad Project. L. E. Foster, assistant engineer, in 

 charge of operation and maintenance, Carlsbad, N. Mex. 



Hondo Project. C. A. May, junior clerk, in charge of 

 operation and maintenance, Carlsbad, N. Mex. 



Bio Grande Project. H. J. Gault, Frank Teichman and J. 

 D. Fauntleroy, engineers, Elephant Butte, Sierra County, 

 N. Mex.; C. B. Barnhard and Jay Brown, fiscal agents; J. A. 

 French, engineer, El Paso, Tex. 



Iieasburgr Unit. Earl Patterson, junior engineer, in charge 

 of operation and maintenance, Selden, Dona Ana County, 

 N. Mex. 



Strawberry Valley Project. J. L. Lytel, project engi- 

 neer, Prove, Utah; A. J. Hughes, chief clerk; J. L. Segall. 

 fiscal agent. 



PACIFIC DIVISION 

 California, Oregon, Nevada 



E. G. HOPSON, supervising engineer, 202 Central Build- 

 ing, Portland, Oreg.; O. P. Morton and E. S. Taylor, examiners. 



Orland Project. A. N. Burch, irrigation manager, Orland, 

 Cal.; C. H. Lillingston, chief clerk; J. W. Spencer, fiscal 

 agent. 



Truckee-Carson Project. D. W. Cole, project engineer, 

 Fallon, Nev. ; L. W. Hall, engineer; H. W. Marean, superintend- 

 ent of irrigation; J. R. Post, chief clerk; F. G. Hough and G. 

 W. Brown, fiscal agents. 



Iiahontan Dam. F. H. Tillinghast, assistant engineer, 

 Hazen, Nev.; R. B. Keese, superintendent of construction. 



Umatilla Project. H. D. Newell, project engineer, Her- 

 miston, Oreg.; J. M. Griffin, superintendent of irrigation; C. W. 

 Kellogg-, chief clerk and fiscal agent. 



