368 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



Chapter 56. Abandonment and Forfeiture. 

 Chapter 57. The Doctrine of Estoppel. 

 Chapter 58. The Pollution of Waters. 



PART X. 

 Subterranean Waters and Rights Acquired Thereto. 



Chapter 59. Subterranean Waters in General Classi- 

 fication. 



Chapter 60. Subterranean Water Courses. 

 Chapter 61. Artesian Waters. 

 Chapter 62. Percolating Waters. 



PART XI. 



International Interstate, Federal, State, District and Muni- 

 cipal Control. 



Chapter 63. International Control. 

 Chapter 64. Interstate Control. 

 Chapter 65. The National Reclamation Act. 

 Chapter 66. The Desert Land Acts. 

 Chapter 67. The Carey Law. 

 Chapter 68. The Laws of State Control. 

 Chapter 69. State Control of Water Rates. 

 Chapter 70. State Irrigation District Laws. 

 Chapter 71. Control by. Municipal Corporations. 



PART XII. 



Control by Private Water Companies. 

 Chapter 72. Subject in General and Classification of 

 Private Water Companies. 



Chapter 73. Unincorporated Companies. 



Organization and Powers of Corpora- 



" Chapter 74. 

 tions. 



Chapter 75. 

 Chapter 76. 



Mutual Water Corporations. 

 Corporations for Profit. 



Chapter 77. Contracts with Companies. 



PART XIII. 



Adjudication and Protection of Rights Injuries to Rights 

 and Remedies Therefor. 



Chapter 78. The Adjudication of Water Rights in 

 Equity. 



Chapter 79. Statutory Adjudication of Water Rights. 



Chapter 80. Determination of Water Rights by 

 Boards. 



Chapter 81. Protection of Rights by Injunction. 



Chapter 82. Protection by Miscellaneous Actions. 



Chapter 83. Actions for Damages. 

 PART XIV. 



Chapters 84-104, includes the statutory laws and 

 the construction thereof of the following: Alaska, 

 Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, 

 Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota. 

 Oklahoma, Oregon, Philippine Islands, Port Rico, South 

 Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. 



INCIDENTS IN DEVELOPING IRRIGATION WITH 

 LAKE MUCK.* 



C. R. SANDVIG, BELGRADE, MINN. 



So. far as I know I am the originator of dredging 

 muck to irrigate with, instead of just using water. The 

 jobbers who sold me the pump and the manufacturers who 

 made it both expressed surprise when they were informed 

 that I had used one of their small pumps for dredging, and 

 they promptly asked for information as to how I had 

 succeeded in dredging successfully with such a small pump. 

 As a small pump may be a rather indefinite term, it may 

 be of interest to know what the manufacturers mean by 

 a small pump in this instance. 



A speaker made the statement at the last annual meet- 

 ing that he knew somebody who had spent thousands of 

 dollars on irrigation devices and made a failure of it. They 

 must have invested in a big pump. My pump cost some- 

 thing less than $65. The power, a second-hand, twelve- 

 horse steam threshing machine engine, which so far has 

 worked as good as new, cost $100. The pipes are old 4-inch 

 boiler flues, which are just as serviceable and far more 

 convenient than standard pipes and cost $1 per 18-foot 

 lengths. The couplings are short scraps of standard pipes 

 bought from scrap iron dealers for one cent per pound. 

 The joints are made by slipping the boiler flues inside of 

 the standard pipes like a stove pipe joint. The capacity of 

 this outfit is 260 gallons per minute, or a little over one 

 ton of water for every sixty seconds, or, as an ordinary 



*From the "Minnesota Horticulturist," April, 1912. 



old-fashioned-kerosene barrel holds fifty-two. gallons,, it would 

 amount to just five such barrels filled to the brim with 

 muck and water dumped on the orchard or garden sixty 

 times an hour. 



One of the pumps made by this firm, though not the 

 largest, has a capacity of 35,000 gallons per 'minute, which, 

 in other figures, would be 8,886 tons of water an hour, or 

 673 barrels a minute. Such a pump with complete equip- 

 ment would cost several thousand dollars. But I would not 

 recommend a pump with a capacity of nearly two and a 

 half tons of water a second for irrigating the ordinary 

 farm or commercial orchard in Minnesota, even in a year 

 like 1910. Of course, these are not the common plunger or 

 piston pumps that have now been used for a generation 

 or more to replace the old oaken bucket, but the centrifugal 

 pump, which has neither plunger nor valves and works like 

 a cyclone. It is a pump used for special purposes and not 

 very well known to the average man. I had accidentally 

 come across one of these pumps at an exposition, and a 

 view of its construction gave me the idea that with such 



Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City. 



a pump it should be possible to pump muck to irrigate 

 with just about as easily as to pump clear water. 



There are a number of centrifugal pumps made which 

 I did not then know, but the exhibitor intimated that there 

 were others in telling of the superiority of his own. How- 

 ever that did not matter at the time, for he convinced me 

 right on the spot that though there might be others there 

 were none other worth having. Later, after thinking it 

 over some, and after coming away from the magnetic in- 

 fluence of the exhibitor of this particular pump, I became 

 suspicious. For you can't sometimes most always tell when 

 listening to a dealer talk about his goods whether to believe 

 the very words he says or whether it may not sometimes 

 be better logic to believe the very opposite. So I began to 

 reason that possibly all other centrifugal pumps might be 

 still better than his. 



But where to find these pumps was another problem. 

 The ordinary implement dealers knew no more about cen- 

 trifugal pumps than they knew about the internal anatomy 

 of mud turtles, which these pumps outwardly very much 

 resemble. Even the catalogue houses with their twelve 

 hundred pages of all kinds of merchandise did not list a 

 single centrifugal pump. Memory is a peculiar machine, 



