432 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



Fresh water system, operated by gasoline engine or electric motor. The compressor forces air into 

 the storage tank until a pressure of about 90 pounds is obtained. Ordinarily this will supply water 

 fcr several days' use. 



appreciable loss, the power plant, and air storage tank 

 can be located wherever convenient, as in barn, garage or 

 dry basement. This makes it an easy matter where an 

 engine is used, to arrange to have it drive other machin- 

 ery when not in use for pumping water. 



For the benefit of our readers who may be interested 

 to know something of the engineering problem in con- 

 nection with water systems, we give below a table show- 

 ing the amount of water, in gallons, that can be drawn 

 from faucets by auto-pneumatic pumps at various work- 

 ing pressures by the expansion of compressed air from 

 a 1,000 gallon air tank. To make this table of greater 

 value an estimate of the amount of water used for various 

 purposes on the farm is also given: 



2.31x15=34.65 feet high; 25 

 pounds pressure elevates water 

 57.75 feet high; 35 pounds, 80.85 

 feet high, etc. 



Amount of Water Required for 

 Stock and Other Purposes. 



Horses drink 5 to 10 gallons 

 per day. Cattle drink 7 to 12 

 gallons per day. Hogs drink 

 2 to 2 l /2 gallons per day. Sheep 

 drink 1 to 2 gallons per day. 

 With 40 to 50 pounds pressure 

 per square inch, an ordinary 

 J4-inch garden hose nozzle re- 

 quires about 6 gallons per min- 

 ute, when throwing a solid 

 stream, or about 4 gallons when 

 spraying. It requires about 8 

 gallons to sprinkle 100 square 

 feet of lawn; 10 to 20 gallons 

 will soake it thoroughly. It 

 required about \ l /2 gallons to 

 fill an ordinary lavatory; 30 gal- 

 lons to fill the average bath 

 tub It requires about 7 

 to 10 gallons to flush a closet. 

 300 gallons is a fair estimate 

 of the amount of water required 

 by the average sized family in 

 24 hours. 



Only power driven outfits 

 should be considered where 

 any considerable amount of wa- 

 ter is to be used. In this con- 

 nection it may be stated that 

 the amount of water used for 

 general purposes will be greatly 

 increased when the water sup- 

 ply system is put in service. This does not imply that 

 a family will be extravagant in the use of water 

 merely because it is easily obtained. It means that all 

 too small an amount is used where the family de- 

 pends on other methods. In addition to a plentiful use 

 of water for domestic use and for proper stock watering 

 it is obvious that much will, if available, be used for other 

 needs. Thus the garden will not be allowed to perish in 

 case of drought nor will lawns and flower beds be per- 

 mitted to die down in the summer. 



Where one desires to draw water from a single well, 

 or from a well or cistern the pneumatic tank method is 



PUMPING CAPACITY OF AIR TANKS. 

 Working 

 Pressure 

 on Pump 

 Gauge 40 Ibs. 



Total Pressure in Tank at Start. 

 50 Ibs. 60 Ibs. 70 Ibs. 80 Ibs. 90 Ibs. 



100 Ibs. 



For air tanks of other than 1,000 gallons capacity, divide the 

 above tigures by 1,000 (more decimal point three places to the left), 

 and multiply result by number of gallons the tank holds. 



Note: It takes .43 pounds pressure per square inch 

 for every foot that water is forced upward in standpipe or 

 elevated tank. For instance, if water is forced 20 feet 

 high, 20x.43=8.6 pounds pressure per square inch is 

 secured; 40 feet high gives 17.3 pounds pressure; 60 feet 

 high, 25.8 pounds pressure. 



Reversing the foregoing proposition, every pound 

 pressure per square inch in a service pipe elevates water 

 2.31 feet high. If there are 15 pounds pressure per square 

 inch in the service pipe, the water will be elevated 



Combined Water and Electric Light System. 



frequently used. In this case water is pumped into an 

 air-tight tank the compressive force on the air serving to 

 force the water to the taps. 



Regardless of the system selected, a hand operated 

 outfit should not be considered unless the water to be 

 used is confined to purely domestic purposes. A con- 

 siderable amount of physical energy is required to get a 

 supply of water stored under a pressure of from 60 to 70 

 pounds. As fire protection is one of the great features in 

 favor of water pressure systems it will readily be seen 

 that low pressure outfits are not advisable. Where water 



