THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



447 



SOME PHASES OF IRRIGATION IN RELATION TO 

 FRUIT FARMING. 



(Continued from page 427.) 



plots. The poorer soil was given heavier irrigation while 

 the better were given intensive cultivation but no irriga- 

 tion. The results favored non-irrigation, shoving that 

 irrigation can not be made to make up for a poor quality 

 of soil. 



In all cases cultivation is a most important feature in 

 connection with irrigation. If the ground is given thor- 

 ough cultivation in spring, and a mulch maintained during 

 the growing season, the soil will be in a better condi- 

 tion to receive the water, and a more economical use 

 of the water is allowed. Irrigation should merely sup- 

 plement good tillage, and the importance of thcrough til- 

 lage during the growing season can not be over-estimated. 



Good drainage, natural or artificial, is necessary where 

 large amounts of irrigation waters are used. Where 

 drainage is poor seepage waters and alkali often destroy 

 many of the orchards. Often the excess irrigation does 

 not injure the lands of the man who practices it, but 

 those of his neighbors at a lower level. 



We found the temperature of the water to be a sub- 

 ject requiring more attention. With well water there is 

 a tendency toward fairly constant temperature through- 

 out the season. It may be made to increase its tempera- 

 ture, however, quite materially by various methods of dis- 

 tribution. In one test we found that the water increased 

 8.5 degrees in flowing in open furrows from the well to the 



VICTORIA 



Australia, Bids 

 for Farmers 



point of distribution. It was still further increased in 

 passing through the distribution rills in the orchard. 

 There was a much greater increase in the afternoon than 

 in the morning. 



When water was used from a large irrigation ditch 

 during July and August, the water was found to be of 

 the same temperature as the soil early in the morning, 

 but was greatly increased in the afternoon, in some cases 

 15.5 degrees over the morning temperature. This would 

 mean, where the soil tended to be a little heavy or where 

 the water tended to run a little too cold, that injury could 

 result from irrigation. 



In some cases, where the temperature of the water 

 was higher than that of the soil, there was a slight de- 

 crease in the temperature of the water when it flowed 

 through the furrows, especially if these were located in 

 the shade of the trees. In all cases when temperatures 

 were read, it was found that the soil had decreased in 

 temperature immediately following irrigation. This de- 

 crease was more noticeable in surface soils than at greater 

 depth. In some cases there was as much as 3 degrees dif- 

 ference in temperature in the first foot, and this gradu- 

 ally decreased at 4 feet in depth, while in other cases 

 the soil temperatures remained the same at a depth of 

 3 feet and below. 



From the investigations we have been able to make 

 we can determine easily that irrigation is a big subject 

 having many phases, and one which is going to require 

 our closest and most careful study if we are to bring 

 trees to their 1 highest degree of productiveness. 



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The Victorian government during the past two 

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The purpose of this Bureau is to furnish, free of charge to all. the 

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When writing to advertisers please mention The Irrigation Age. 



