THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



387 



(Continued from page 374) 



6. It is interesting to note that the average 

 cost of water from the Government works is about 

 $12 per acre less than from the recent private works 

 of comparable size. The real difference is still 

 greater because of the fact that deferred payments 

 on Government works do not draw interest. 



7. This difference is further accentuated by 

 the greater probability of the water users under the 

 Government projects receiving an adequate water 

 supply, as this matter has been given more care- 

 ful consideration and deficierrcy guarded against 

 with greater care than in the private investments. 

 In fact it is known that in a few cases at least there 

 is not water enough for the entire area of land in- 

 cluded in these private projects. Also on the Gov- 

 ernment works provision in many cases has been 

 made for drainage such as has not been provided by 

 the private works and the water is, as a rule, 

 brought nearer to the land to be irrigated ; still 

 further reducing the cost to the water user. 



8. Summing up all of these advantages- 

 lower first cost, absence of interest, more dependable 

 water supply, and more complete works, it would 



appear to be fair to state that water from the Gov- 

 ernment projects is obtained at from half to two- 

 thirds the cost of that from private works here 

 listed, including those built under the terms of the 

 Carey act. 



JOHN T. BRAMHALL EDITOR. 



John T. Bramhall, the well-known agricultural 

 writer, has acquired a half interest in "Alfalfa," a 

 monthly paper published at Modesto, Cal., and has 

 taken editorial charge. Mr. Bramhall was formerly 

 a writer for the old Country Gentleman, and was on 

 the staff of the Albany Evening Journal. In Chicago 

 he was for several years advertising agent of the 

 Michigan Central railroad and going to California 

 he was connected with the colonization department 

 of the Santa Fe. Mr. Bramhall is well posted on 

 agricultural conditions in California and the south- 

 west. 



Send $1.00 for 1 year's subscription to the IRRIGA- 

 TION AGE and bound copy of THE PRIMER or IRRIGA- 

 TION. If you desire a copy of The Primer of Hy- 

 draulics add $2.50 to above price. 



COST OF MAKING A FOUND OF 

 BUTTER. 



G. A. Gilbert 



Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Col- 

 lins, Colo. 



From an investigation of the an- 

 nual report for 1912 of seventeen 

 creameries operating in Wisconsin. 

 Michigan and Minnesota, we find 

 that the average cost of making a 

 pound of butter is 2.07 cents. In 

 the same way we find that the aver- 

 age cost in all the creameries in a 

 single county in Minnesota in 1911 

 was 2.11 cents. This includes fif- 

 teen creameries. The greatest 

 variation was from 3.5 cents in a 

 small creamery to 1.1 cent in a 

 creamery making over 500,000 

 pounds of butter a year. The cost 

 includes salaries, supplies, and all 

 operating expenses of the cream- 

 ery. It does not include dividends, 

 new machinery, or buildings, cost 

 of hauling cream, or what is ordi- 

 narily included in the sinking fund. 



The size of the creamery has a 

 great deal to do with the cost per 

 pound of butter. Putting the two 

 groups together we find that in five 

 creameries making less than 100,- 

 000 pounds per year the cost was 

 2.7 cents ; in ten making between 

 100,000 pounds and 200,000 pounds, 

 the cost was 1.99 cents ; and in 

 fifteen, making over 200,000 

 pounds, the cost was 1.82 cents. 

 The type of creamery does not 

 seem to influence the cost greatly. 



The creameries were all of the 

 co-operative kind, and would rep- 

 resent average management. 



Come Up Into the 

 them Fa< 

 Country 



This northern tier of states offers a 

 HEALTHFUL and INVIGORATING 

 CLIMATE, SPLENDID CROP 

 RECORDS, and in every respect un- 

 excelled opportunities. 



Low One Way Fares 



are in effect daily Sept. 25 to Oct. 10, 

 1913, to many points in Western Mon- 

 tana, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. 



Low Round -Trip 

 Homeseekers' Excursions 



on numerous dates this Fall to practi- 

 cally all points in the northwestern 

 United States and Canada. 



Northwestern Crops 



are BUMPER this year. Wisconsin and 

 Minnesota lead the United States in 

 condition of the Corn Crop. Northern 

 Pacific territory the cream of the 

 Northwestern field is at the very 

 height of prosperity. Farmers and 

 Dairymen find conditions here favor- 

 able for utmost success. 



Send for free illustrated literature (conservative 

 and truthful) and full information, today, to 



L. J. BRICKEK, General Immigration Agent 

 J22 N. P. Building, ST. PAUL, MINN. 



Northern Pacific Ry 



