156 



THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



MANY FOREST FIRES. 



(Continued from Page 154.) 



proportion set by railroads and camp- 

 ers indicates, according to forest offi- 

 cers, a growing carefulness on the part 

 of the general public. 



Last year, as in 1912, California led 

 all others in number of fires, this lead 

 being natural because California has 

 such a long dry season. It was fol- 

 lowed by Arkansas, Arizona and Ore- 

 gon, in the order named. Kansas, 

 which had only one fire in 1912, 

 escaped without any in 1913. North 

 Dakota repeated its record of 1912 

 and had no fires on its one small for- 

 est. Not a single severe fire occurred 

 during the year in District 4, which 

 includes Utah, Nevada and southern 

 Idaho, and in which a large propor- 

 tion of the forests reported no fires at 

 all. 



Losses on Private Lands 



There was proportionately greater 

 loss on private lands within the for- 

 est boundaries than on the public 

 lands. It is pointed out by the forest 

 officers that these lands cover approx- 

 imately 11 per cent of the total area 

 included within the forest boundaries, 

 yet the area burned over on these pri- 

 vate lands was more than 25 per cent 

 of all. The forest service expended 

 more than $30,000 in protecting the 

 private lands within the forests and 

 lands adjacent to and outside of the 

 forests. In addition to this cost, serv- 

 ices and supplies to the value of more 

 than $17,000 were contributed by co- 

 operators for fire-fighting on these 

 areas. 



Fires Came at End of Season 



In the middle of the fire season, 

 that is in July, the service had high 

 hopes of small fire damage during 

 1913, and this hope kept up until the 

 middle of September, when the fire 

 season on the national forests or- 

 dinarily is about at an end. At that 

 time there was less damage than had 

 ever been recorded, and only 2,260 

 fires as against 2,470 in 1912, with 

 about 60,000 acres burned as com- 

 pared with 230,000 in 1912 and 780,000 

 in 1911. At the end of the month, 

 however, the electric storms in Cali- 

 fornia and one or two outbreaks of 

 incendiarism changed the whole situ- 

 ation. 



But even in the face of these diffi- 

 culties the fire-fighting force, with its 

 plans and experience from preceding 

 years, was able to cope with the situ- 

 ation. In California, in particular, it 

 was as if a military leader, represent- 

 ed by the district forester at San 

 Francisco, was holding, with a com- 

 paratively small number of men or a 

 mere skirmish force, a line of defense 

 extending 750 miles in a north and 

 south direction. This force received, 

 as if from an attack by the heavy ar- 

 tillery of an opposing army, the elec- 

 tric storms, generally unaccompanied 

 by rain, which played havoc all along 

 the Sierras and the Coast Range. That 

 the California force was able to cope 

 with the situation was, according to 

 Mr. Graves, an evidence of the effi- 

 ciency of the men and the organiza- 

 tion. 



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