THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



339 



GATE STRUCTURES FOR IRRIGATION CANALS 



MOST of the gate structures in American irriga- 

 tion canals a few years ago were of wood, but 

 more recently concrete, both plain and reinforced, 

 has come into common use. Wood has the ad- 

 vantage of cheapness and of easy handling and the 

 disadvantage of rapid depreciation, while concrete, 

 which has the advantage of permanence, is more 

 costly. The kind of material used, as well as other 

 features of gate structures, varies in different irri- 

 gated regions of the West. One section often uses 

 features especially adapted to it, of which other sec- 

 tions, that could use them equally well, are ignorant. 

 The U. S. Department of Agriculture is endeavor- 

 ing to bring together such designs for gate struc- 

 tures as are adapted to many localities so that each 

 locality may profit by the practices of others, and 

 has just issued a new bulletin (No. 115) entitled, 

 "Gate Structures for Irrigation Canals." It is in- 

 tended to be of assistance to engineers and others 

 with technical knowledge of the subject. 



Small and medium-sized structures are for the 

 most part described in the new bulletin, as it is be- 

 lieved that most of the problems confronting the 

 engineer located in isolated regions of the West re- 

 late to this class. The bulletin should also be of 

 value to directors of mutual water companies who 

 are themselves irrigators and who are called upon 

 to pass upon questions of construction and mainte- 

 nance. 



One of the important questions dealt with is 

 that of the materials to be used for gate structures. 

 Shall they be of wood or concrete? The best prac- 

 tice, according to the department's investigator, 

 seems to be to make a structure of combined wood 

 and concrete, using concrete for the parts that are 

 inaccessible and not easily replaced, and wood for 

 the accessible parts which can be replaced easily. 

 Local conditions affecting the relative prices of 

 these materials will also help to determine which 

 material should be used. 



Because of the high cost of water rights, and 

 the inability of settlers to make the payments re- 

 quired, there is much to be said in favor of the 

 cheaper wooden structures for original construc- 

 tion with a view to their replacement with more 

 permanent structures of concrete as the wood de- 

 cays. This will lessen the first cost and will bring 



the heavier cost after the lands have been put under 

 cultivation. The use of wood has the further ad- 

 vantage that in case of mistakes in either the type 

 of structure or the location it is not so costly. It 

 frequently happens that structures are found to be 

 placed too high or too low, or they are too small and 

 not of the best type. A few years' experience in 

 their operation will demonstrate these facts, after 

 which a more permanent structure of wood or con- 

 crete may be put in. 



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