THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



199 



the price of acres makes it just that much harder 

 for the man without capital to become independent. 



Here's the other side of the fruit 

 Who Gets selling game the jobbers' profits, 

 the Money? the retailers' profits analyzed by 

 Another Side an expert. 



of the Problem G. H. Powell, general manager 



of the California Fruit Growers' 

 Exchange, has conducted some investigations on 

 behalf of the California Fruit Growers' Exchange 

 into the question of where the money goes that 

 people who buy oranges pay for them and finds 

 that the consumer's dollar is divided among the 

 various factors concerned with the oranges up to 

 the time they reach the consumer, as follows : 



Fruit on the tree 26.7 cents 



Picking and hauling of fruit to packing 



houses 2.4 cents 



Packing house, including package, labor, 



etc 7.4 cents 



Freight and refrigeration 20.5 cents 



Grower's selling cost 1.5 cents 



Jobber's selling cost and profit 8.2 cents 



Retailer's selling cost and profit 33.3 cents 



The items showing the proportion of the con- 

 sumer's dollar in oranges which go to freight and 

 refrigeration, and the jobber's costs and profits are, 

 when the actual facts are presented, not anywhere 

 within gunshot of what the speaker in generalities 

 usually charges these factors with. Also, it will be 

 noted that the grower of the fruit has a value on 

 the trees that is proportionately larger than many 

 either think or try to lead others to believe. These 

 figures, Mr. Powell advises, are based upon an in- 

 vestigation running over one year in thirty of the 

 principal cities of the United States and Canada and 

 upon approximately 5,500 sales. They cover reports 

 received every two weeks on the same grades and 

 sizes of oranges, including the delivered price to 

 the jobber, the jobber's price to the retailer, and the 

 retailer's price to the consumer. 



Eliminate the drones from the flock of poultry. 

 The poultry raiser who is in touch with his poultry 

 work can easily discern the unprofitable fowls. 



Give the brood sows a daily feed of silage or other 

 succulent feed; the sows will keep in better condition 

 and the pigs will be stronger and more thrifty. 



Milk your cows in the same order every day. 

 Cows know the difference and it affects their flow of 

 milk. 



The farm advisers are doing a great 

 The Value work. They are instilling better and 

 of the more productive methods among the 



Farm tillers of the soil. They are system- 



Adviser atizing the business of farming. 



This work is beginning to net 

 dollars, and as more farmers adopt scientific meth- 

 ods, the increased values of farm produce will rise 

 into millions. 



It is impossible to measure in dollars all the ac- 

 complishments of the farm advisers. Perhaps the 

 greatest service of all is the indirect service, and 

 this cannot be expressed in dollars or numbers. 

 For example, it is difficult to place a value on the 

 work with the young folks in their tomato, corn, 

 pig and poultry clubs; the class work in stock and 

 grain judging, and the assistance given in the teach- 

 ing of agriculture ; the holding of "parents' and agri- 

 cultural days" in the schools, which have tended 

 to bring parents into closer touch with, and stimu- 

 late a keener interest in, the work of the school and 

 the teacher. 



It is impossible to figure the direct returns from 

 the holding of the movable schools of home eco- 

 nomics in which many of the women were given 

 their first lessons in the proper care and prepara- 

 tion of food, care of sick, rearing of chidren and 

 the many suggestions for lightening of household 

 and home duties. These instances and many more 

 that are similar, must find their justification in the 

 minds of the leaders and sponsors for the move- 

 ment; they do not directly swell bank accounts or 

 increase yield of corn, but they do build for a bigger, 

 broader, and more satisfactory rural nation. 



Do you know that rotation makes use of all the 

 elements of plant food in the soil? 



Kindness is the best tonic ever discovered for use 

 both in the family and with the domestic animals ; used 

 in generous doses and at frequent intervals gives the 

 best results. 



Poor policy to sit down and milk before you 

 have cleaned the stable in the morning. The milk 

 you get will be quite sure to smell of the barn, no 

 matter how careful you may be of it afterward. 



Every year some men are in trouble over bob 

 veals. Queer, too. They all know the law. The 

 temptation to get rid of the calves and get the money 

 never ought to make a man a lawbreaker. It will 

 not tempt a strictly honest man. 



