THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



237 



total cost as given on these exhibits, and each case of 

 doubt has given the benefit to the "Service." Under 

 Section 3 of your instructions we find the following 

 relative to items of cost on the Carlsbad project : 



1. AVALON DAM. \Ye find that the books of the 

 Reclamation Service show the excavation of class 1 

 material amounts to 94,239 cubic yards at 38.3 cents 

 per cubic yard as shown in exhibit 29. In exhibit 42 

 this is shown as 84,710 cubic yards at a cost of 42.0 

 cents per cubic yard. Exhibits 18, 42 and 50 show, 

 50,183 cubic yards of excavation class 3. We find that 

 this is an earthen dam with concrete core and that the 

 use of 50,183 cubic yards of class 3 material is a grave 

 engineering error and was unnecessary, unpardonable, 

 and inexcusable. We find that 50,183 yards of No. 3 

 material was placed in this dam at a cost of 98.6 cents 

 per cubic yard and that 56 cents per yard of this cost is 

 an improper charge and that the total sum of $28,100 

 should be eliminated and charged to profit and loss. 



2. PUDDLING. Reference is made to exhibit 18 for 

 208 cubic yards of puddling at $5.00 per cubic yard, 

 amounting to' $1,041.50. While this is a small item, 

 good puddling should be placed for $1.00 per cubic 

 yard. We find that the sum of $4.00 per cubic yard is 

 an improper charge and should be charged to profit and 

 loss, amounting to $832. This wrongful charge is due 

 to absolute inefficiency. 



3. OLD SPILLWAY. Reference is made to exhibit 

 No. 29, which shows 320 cubic yards of concrete at 

 $18.02 per cubic yard costing $5,767.53. This should 

 have been placed for $9.00 per cubic yard as a reason- 

 able cost at the most. We find in this item of con- 

 struction of the Avalon dam that the sum of $9.02 per 

 cubic yard is an improper charge and should be charged 

 to profit and loss, and certainly not to the water user 

 now or later. 



4. SPILLGATES. The Reclamation Service in- 

 stalled thirty-nine double gates, which were installed 

 over the protest of the water users. These gates were 

 supposed to act somewhat automatically. On July 24, 



I'Ul. a flood came and the gates failed to act. The 

 rain began falling at 6 o'clock p. m. on Sunday, July 

 23, 1911, but the Reclamation Service watchman stayed 

 in his house until 3 o'clock a. m. the next morning, at 

 which time the water was running over the top of the 

 gates and it was impossible to open them so that they 

 would remain open. 



A glance at exhibit 25 will show the failure of 

 these gates to work. The failure of these gates to 

 work caused the water in the reservoir to destroy Spill- 

 way Xo. 2 and the Reclamation Service later installed 

 the circular concrete cylinder weir at Spillway No. 2. 



The failure of these so-called automatic gates and 

 the failure of the watchman to act in time of emergency 

 caused the destruction of Spillway No. 2 and it can not 

 be charged to an act of Providence, but it must be 

 charged to inefficient gates designed by the Service 

 (protested against many times by the water users), and 

 to a negligent watchman of the Service. 



The present project manager testified before this 

 board (see record, page 840) that the present circular 

 spillway and circular steel gates cost about $100,000. 

 This board finds that $91,000 of this charge is an im- 

 proper charge and should be charged to profit and loss. 

 The elaborate and costly design of the steel gates with 

 their appurtenances are found to be unnecessary for 

 the present project. Sensible gates installed in the old 

 Spillway No. 1 would be sufficient. 



5. MCMILLAN DAM. Exhibit No. 29 shows 

 319.18 cubic yards of concrete costing $20 per cubic 

 yard, making a total of $6,383.65. This board finds 

 that this work should have been done for a total sum 

 of $3,383.65, and that the sum of $3,000 is an improper 

 charge and should be charged to profit and loss. 



6. MAIN CANAL. Reference is made to exhibits 

 18 and 29, showing 575,000 cubic yards of excavation, 

 class 1, at 12.4 cents per cubic yard of excavation, 

 amounting to $71,558.65, but the project manager later 

 filed exhibit 42, giving the amount at 273,000 cubic 

 vards. Exhibit 42 was filed about three weeks after 



The Bessemer Gas Engine Company exhibit at the Panama- Pacific Exposition located in block 34, palace of machinery. Exhibit con- 

 sists of a 165-H. P. Bessemer oil engine direct connected to 100-K. W. Jantz & Leist generator; a 25-H. P. open case Bessemer oil engine; 

 i .'nil. P. Bessemer oil engine direct geared to high duty pump and an SO-H. P. Bessemer oil engine connected by rope drive to a centri- 

 fugal pump pumping over 4,000 gallons of water every minute, the water falling from a height of 35 feet into the 12.000-gallon Redwood 

 tank in the middle background and forming a water cascade of no mean proportions. When you go to San Francisco do not miss the 



Bessemer exhibit. 



