THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



(Continued from page 201) 

 prehensive and sustained study of soil 

 requirements in moisture necessary to 

 maintain the highest production of 

 the soils in these areas, for the pur- 

 pose of establishing the highest duty 

 of water as well as the prevention of 

 injury to the land. 



Stream Measurements 

 We recommend adequate appropri- 

 ation by the United States of funds 

 to enable the Geological Survey to 

 continue and complete, in conjunction 

 with state agencies, investigations of 

 stream systems and water supply. 



Land Settlement 



Experience has demonstrated that 

 some system must be devised to aid 

 the man of moderate means in estab- 

 lishing himself upon the land. For 

 lack of such assistance, success of the 

 new settler on irrigation projects has 

 been the exception and failure the 

 general result. To remedy this con- 

 dition some centralized public au- 

 thority must aid the settler in doing 

 the things which necessarily precede 

 his entrance upon the productive cul- 

 tivation of the land. We earnestly 

 urge that the following features 

 should be incorporated in public con- 

 trolling development: 



1. That the execution of all de- 

 velopments be under co-operative 

 agreements between the Federal and 

 State authorities, the former to plan, 

 construct and operate the works un- 

 til paid for, the latter to undertake 

 the settlement of the land and give 

 financial aid and practical direction to 

 settlers in making the land habitable 

 and productive. Both authorities have 

 a vital interest in the outcome, and 



each is especially suited to carry out 

 the part indicated. 



2. That each development follow 

 a definite and comprehensive plan, 

 carefully worked out in advance, in 

 which each unit will constitute a dis- 

 tinct and self-contained entity, with 

 adequate water supply, well-balanced 

 agricultural and grazing areas, care- 

 fully located townsites and suitable 

 public facilities. 



3. That there be segregated with 

 each irrigable area a certain area of 

 public grazing land, satisfactory in 

 character and adjacent to the irri- 

 gable portion if possible. That the 

 grazing area allotted each settler be 

 sufficient to insure pasturage for a 

 reasonable number of live stock. Its 

 title should remain with the govern- 

 ment and be used under regulations 

 which will secure the highest benefi- 

 cial use. The proportion of grazing 

 to irrigable land should be deter- 

 mined by careful study, but is be- 

 lieved to approximate ten to one. 



We express the sincere interest of 

 this Congress in pending legislation 

 which looks to the preparation of 

 ready-made farms on the public do- 

 main, with advances to settlers and 

 provision for acquisition of land either 

 under perpetual leasehold or freehold, 

 at the option of the settler. 



In considering the subject of land 

 settlement, it should always be re- 

 membered that energies, either of 

 mankind or of the physical world, are 

 destructive if not properly directed, 

 constructive and man-serving if prop- 

 erly availed of. In Europe today 

 human energy is being expended on 

 battlefields. Here energy is being ex- 

 pended in building farms for Ameri- 



can farmers. It is clearly our duty 

 to provide ways and means to help 

 the largest possible number to get 

 homes on the land. 



Water Resources of the World 

 Since the systematic organization 

 of all fresh water resources for the 

 purpose of irrigation, flood preven- 

 tion and control, drainage and navi- 

 gation is of supreme importance, we 

 gladly accept the urgent suggestion 

 of the Hon. Niel Nielsen, represent- 

 ative of New South Wales in this 

 Congress, and pledge our energies to 

 the inauguration of a world-wide 

 propaganda to secure the co-opera- 

 tion of various national and state gov- 

 ernments and their people to these 

 ends: 



1. In securing as early as possible 

 a complete and detailed survey of the 

 whole of such resources. 



2. In co-ordinating the existing 

 national and state laws relating to 

 water. 



3. In passing the necessary addi- 

 tional legislation to bring into exist- 

 ence the proposed system of organi- 

 zation and for the financing of such 

 system, whereby the nation and the 

 states concerned may jointly provide 

 the funds requisite. 



4. The preparation and adoption, 

 after complete data have been collect- 

 ed, of a definite and complete series 

 of plans covering each water system 

 concerned and the gradual carrying 

 into effect of such plans until the 

 whole of the water resources of the 

 country are utilized in the most ef- 

 fective and efficient manner for the 

 benefit of the nation. 



(Continued on page 206) 



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