PYRAMIDULA. 47 



Radula bearing crowded teeth (in P. perspectives, arranged accord- 

 ing to the formula 12.8.1.8.12). Centrals having a long mesocone 

 and small side cusps. Laterals having no entocone, the mesocone 

 oblique, ectocone small. Marginals similar, but with short, broad 

 basal plates (pi. 11, fig. 26, P. perspectiva). 



In P. balmei the marginal teeth are like those of Planogyra 

 aster iseus. 



This section is distinguished from Pyramidula s. sir. by its low 

 spire, discoidal form, and the rib-striation, which is often obsolete 

 below the periphery, but generally persists on the upper surface 

 and within the umbilicus. The typical species of Gonyodiscus are 

 carinated at the periphery, and those with rounded whorls have 

 been separated under the name Discus, but such a separation does 

 violence to the facts in the case, for all intermediate stages of contour 

 between the most acutely carinated and the rounded types occur. As 

 well might one separate Papuina brumeriensis from diomedes as a 

 distinct section, or Pyramidula (Patula) cumber landiana from alter- 

 nata. Such classification may be left for those who point the small 

 end of the telescope at nature. 



Eurasian species. 



P. abietana Bgt. iii, 21. P. omalisma Bgt. 



P. aperta Mlldff. viii, 80. P. pollens Gred. viii, 82. 



P. assarinensis Calc. iii, 51. P. pauper Old. iii, 20. 



P. balmei P. & M. iii, 30. P. putrescens Lwe. iii, 31. 



flavescens Parr. P. retexta Sh. iii, 44. 



flavida Zieg. P. rotundata Mull, iii, 19. 



striolata Ph. brocchiana Calc., Ben. 



P. bianconii Dh. iii, 32 cupaniana Calc., Ben. 



P. carpetana Hid. radiata DaC. 



P. concinna Lwe. iii, 21. v. pyramidalis Jeffr. 



P. costulata Mlldff. iii, 266. v. globosa Friedl. 



P. engonata Shuttl. iii, 43. v. turtoni Flem. iii, 19. 



v. pallidior Mouss. P. ruderata Stud, iii, 20. 

 P. erdeli Roth, iii, 30. umbilicus Mark. 



P. flocculus Mor. perspectiva Fer. 



P. frivaldskyana Rm. iii, 21. v. angulosa Mouss. iii, 26. 



convexa Fer. v. opulens West, iii, 20. 



P. gortschana Mouss. iii, 20. P. solaria Mke. iii, 43. 

 P. hauffeni Schm. iii, 30. perspectiva Miihl. 



P. luseana Paiv. iii, 31. megerlei Jan. 



