HELIX. 333 



H. spiriplana Oliv., iv, 226. H. guttata Oliv., iv, 228. 

 v. malziana (Parr.) Pfr., iv, v. ergilensis Galland. 



[227. v. sesteri Gall. 



v. gallandi Bgt. v. michoniana Bgt., iv, 229. 



H. hierosolyma Boiss. basehkira Pfr. 



/. masadse Tristr., iv, 227. H. mazenderaneusis Nev., iv, 229.. 



/. lithophaga Conr., iv, 228. H. kurdistana Parr., iv, 230. 



H. csesareana Parr., iv, 227. H. ceratomma Pfr., iv, 231. 



/. maxima Bgt. H. escheriana Mss., iv, 230. 

 /. carinata Bgt. /. diarbekirana Gall. 



/. albidula Bgt. /. euthyomphala Gall. 



/. nana Mouss. H. bellardii Mouss., iv, 231. 

 v. globulosa Bgt. /. occlusa Mouss. 



H. werneri Rolle, viii, 236. H. ghilanica Mss., iv, 231. 



H. dschulfensis (Dub.) Bgt, iv, H. urraiensis Naeg., viii, 237. 



228. H. ninivita Gall., viii, 238. 



dtchulfensii Dubois. H. lapithoensis Rolle. 



djulfensis Mouss. H. gertrudis Rolle. 



H. chrysostomi Rolle. 



Subgenus (?) PARACHLOR^EA Sandberger. 



Parachlorcea SANDB., Conch. Vorwelt., p. 292, type H. coquandiana 

 Matheron. 



Shell imperforate, lens-shaped, acutely keeled. Last whorl de- 

 flexed in front. Aperture very oblique, angulate-oval, the margins 

 remote ; upper margin of lip slightly expanded, basal margin 

 reflexed and appressed. Type H. coquandiana Math. 



The type of this group is from the French " Palseotherium chalk " 

 of Oligocene age, but similar forms are found in Eocene and in 

 lower Miocene deposits. The group, whether rightly limited or not, 

 is probably a side branch of the Helix phylum. For any one to- 

 connect it with Chlorcea, on account of the keel, seems unjustified 

 in view of the vast variability of this character. The development 

 of a keel in Helix, with the consequent modification of shell contour, 

 is a character of the most trivial import. A few of these form& 

 which I have seen, seemed to be keeled manifestations of the Tachea 

 group. 



