The True Ducks. 231 



the others are brownish on the outer, 

 drab or pale buff on the inner, web. 

 The upper wing-coverts are dark grey, the 

 lower series broadly tipped with cinnamon. 

 The primaries are dark brown on the 

 outer web and tip of the inner ; light drab 

 on the inner web. The outer secondaries 

 are changeable metallic green or bronze, 

 tipped with a double band, the upper 

 portion of which is black, and the terminal 

 portion white, frequently tinged with 

 cinnamon. The secondary next to the 

 quills composing the speculum is black, 

 with a pale buff band next the shaft. The 

 inner, long secondaries are black, with 

 a broad drab margin. 



In post-nuptial plumage, the drake 

 resembles the female very closely, but 

 he retains the full speculum of the winter 

 plumage. 



The adult female has the forehead and 

 crown reddish brown, streaked with black. 

 The remainder of the head and the whole 

 of the neck is pale fulvous with numerous 

 small black streaks. The whole lower 

 plumage is greyish white, each feather 

 with an ill-defined dark centre. The 

 sides of the body and the under tail- 

 coverts are marked with crescentic lines 

 of brown and white, parallel to the margin 



