The Golden-eyes. 371 



portion of the upper mandible is yellowish, 

 much as in the male. N.-W. Asia. 



THE AMERICAN SCOTER ((Edemia ameri- 

 cand). Very like the Common Scoter. 

 The male has the knob on the bill yellow, 

 not black. The female appears to be un- 

 distinguishable from the female of the 

 Common Scoter. N.-E. Asia. 



THE VELVET SCOTER ((Edemia fused). 



THE EASTERN SCOTER ((Edemia carbo). 

 These two species are very closely 

 allied, so much so that it is difficult 

 to separate them from mere description. 

 The Velvet Scoter, should it ever occur in 

 India, will probably be found in the north- 

 west part of the Empire. The Eastern 

 Scoter will be found in Burma and the 

 Shan States only. Both species may be 

 recognised at a glance, and separated 

 from the Common and the American 

 Scoter by the white patch on the second- 

 aries. The males of both species also 

 have the lower eyelid white ; and the 

 females have two whitish patches on the 

 side of the head. The Velvet Scoter 

 occurs in north-western Asia ; the Eastern 

 Scoter in north-eastern Asia, Japan and 

 China. 



In this place should also be noticed : 



