438 Manual of the Game Birds of India. 



The young bird differs from the fully 

 adult in several respects, but only two are 

 very noticeable and need be referred to 

 here. In the young the outer web of the 

 first primary has no pale margin, and is 

 as plainly marked with rufous notches as 

 the outer web of the other primaries. 

 The marks on the margins of the tail- 

 feathers, instead of being notches as in 

 the adult, are more of the nature of bars 

 and reach almost to the web. 



Indian birds are rather smaller than 

 European ones. The sexes do not differ 

 much, if at all, in size. Length about 

 14; wing about 7^5; tail 3; bill, from 

 gape, varying up to 3*3. The bill is dark 

 brown, paler at the base of the lower 

 mandible ; the irides are brown ; the 

 legs and feet are grey or plumbeous. 

 Weight usually not exceeding 12 oz. in 

 Indian, but reaching to 16 oz. in Euro- 

 pean birds. Tail of twelve ordinary 

 feathers. 



