186 STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, BY MAX SCHULTZE. 



nucleus, and there retains a power allied to that which it possessed 

 when in the embryonic state. Yet, however probable it may appear 

 that the several fibres arise in and from this substance, no observations 

 have as yet been made which establish it with perfect certainty. An- 

 other mode of origin of new fibrils or thicker fibres from the ganglion 

 cells has, on the contrary, been suggested by various observers. Since 

 Harless* stated that the nuclei and the nucleoli of the large cells of 

 the brain of the torpedo were the points of origin of the nerve fibres, 

 the same view has been entertained by many others in regard to other 

 ganglion cells, and especially for those of the sympathetic of the frog, 

 as in the first instance by Axmann, Lieberkiihn, and Wagner, and 

 subsequently by Beale, Arnold, Frommann, Jolly, and Courvoisier. But 

 it was noticed by Frommann and Arnold! as occurring also in the cells 

 of the spinal cord and in those of the brain ; and Meynert stated that 

 the nuclei and the nucleoli were centres for fibres, the fineness and deli- 

 cacy of which render them comparable to our primitive fibrils. I 

 agree with Kolliker and others, however, in the statement that this, at 

 least, is not the ordinary condition, and I have not been more success- 

 ful than Kolliker in obtaining any positive evidence of such a mode 

 of origin of the fibres in question. 



Although anastomoses occur between adjoining ganglion cells, it is 

 a matter of much difficulty to acquire any certain information respect- 

 ing the constancy or frequency of their occurrence. As there are 

 ganglion cells with two nuclei, like those, for example, that, according 

 to Guye and Schwalbe, are constantly met with in the sympathetic, 

 and occasionally in the brain of the rabbit, so we may refer one form 

 of the anastomoses occurring between ganglion cells to the type of 

 bi-nucleated cells ; those, namely, in which a short thick bridge unites 

 two nucleated corpuscles with one another. Such anastomoses have 

 recently been described by Meynert, E. Arndt, and Besser, as they 

 are seen in the cortex of the cerebrum. They appear, however, to 

 occur but rarely. The numerous anastomoses supposed to take place 

 between the large ganglion cells in the nuclei of origin of various nerves 

 in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, and depicted amongst others 

 by Schroder v. der Kolk and Lenhossek, have long been recognised as 

 illusions. Other anastomoses between the ganglion cells of the vari- 

 ous cortical layers of the brain, which are stated to occur by Meynert, 

 require further corroboration. It is quite a matter of doubt whether 



Miiller's Archiv, 1846, p. 317, Taf. 10. 

 Arnold, in Virchow's Archiv, Band xli., Taf. 4. 



