520 THE INTESTINAL CANAL, BY E. KLEIN AND E. VERSON. 



are the longitudinal fibres belonging to the longitudinalis 

 superior and inferior, as well L as the greater part of the 

 styloglossus. As a general rule, the vertically ascending as 

 well as the transverse fasciculi penetrate into the mucous 

 membrane through those of the longitudinal muscles, becoming, 

 at the same time, considerably thinner. They also decussate 

 with each other, both before they reach the longitudinal fibres, 

 and after they have emerged from them, when they enter into 

 the mucous membrane. 



The longitudinal muscles give off several small fasciculi and 

 fibres to the mucous membrane. 



In the cat the filiform papillae situated about the middle of the 

 dorsal surface are best developed ; they are here also most numerous, 

 and each is prolonged into one or several recurved horny points. 

 Towards the lateral surfaces of the horizontal portion they rapidly 

 dimmish in size, and at the edge cease to be distinguishable to the 

 naked eye ; so that here the papillae fungiformes, which elsewhere on 

 the dorsal surface are situated at tolerably regular distances between 

 the filiform, are seen to project as whitish beads, at considerable dis- 

 tances apart. It is only at the most anterior part of the tongue 

 that the filiform papillae are distributed over its edges, and extend for 

 a short distance on the inferior surface. At the border of that part of 

 the tongue which corresponds to the junction of the horizontal with 

 the descending portion is found a longitudinal series, from ten to 

 fifteen in number, of cylindrical filiform papillae, capitate at their 

 extremities, of which the centre ones are longer (three millimeters) 

 than either the anterior or posterior (one millimeter). Towards the 

 root of the tongue the filiform papillae decrease in number and 

 size, and appear in the form of isolated very broad projections, ter- 

 minating in a short, soft, recurved point. 



In rabbits, on the dorsal surface of the tongue, as far back as the 

 descending portion, and on the upper part of this, only closely approxi- 

 mated papillae filiformes are found, which are absent at the edges, 

 except where the horizontal is continuous with the descending portion. 

 Over the well-known whitish elongated oval elevation of the tongue 

 of the rabbit the papillae are somewhat larger than on other parts of 

 the dorsal surface. Behind this elevation the mucous membrane 

 presents a smooth surface as far as two small projections constantly 

 situated on either side of the median line, and apparently belonging 

 to the papillae circumvallatae. 



