D. THE STOMACH, BY E. KLEIN. 540 



quently in the submucous tissue. In the entire glandular bed 

 no vessels of this kind are present. The vascular plexus above 

 mentioned does not communicate with the capillary lymphatic 

 system of the serous membrane directly, but through the inter- 

 mediation of trunks provided with valves. 



As Remak* has shown, and as has been corroborated by many 

 histologists, the nerves of the stomach possess numerous ganglia, 

 both in the muscularis externa and in the submucous tissue. 

 I find in newly born children, that the greater number of ganglia 

 are situated between the fasciculi of the longitudinal fibrous layer 

 reaching externally to the peritoneal investment, and internally 

 toj/he circular muscular layer, and forming, in parts, a con- 

 tinuous chain. In the submucous tissue, as in other parts of 

 the intestinal canal, the nerves form a plexus, in which, as has 

 already been mentioned, numerous ganglia are also found. 



The external muscular layer presents, at the commencement 

 of the large curvature of newly born children, a thickness of 

 0'95 to I'l of a millimeter; the circular muscular layer has a 

 thickness of 0'7 to 0'85 of a millimeter. The fasciculi of this 

 last do not here run parallel, but frequently decussate. 



The fasciculi of the longitudinal muscular layer give off 

 branching fasciculi, which, after frequent decussation, penetrate 

 in an oblique direction into the circular layer. Smaller fasciculi 

 also penetrate into the submucous tissue ; these are continuous 

 with the inner portion of the circular layer, and originate the 

 fibrse obliquse that will hereafter be described. According to 

 Treitz,*|* they terminate in the mucous membrane with elastic 

 tendons. 



In the greater portion of the cardiac extremity of the 

 stomach, a distinct division of the muscularis externa is to be 

 observed, into an internal circular, and an external longitudinal 

 layer, having a thickness of 0'25 of a millimeter. 



In proportion as the pylorus is approximated along the 

 greater curvature, the external muscular layer becomes stronger, 

 which is effected chiefly by an increase in thickness of the 

 circular layer, which amounts in the child to as much as 



* A. a. O. 



t Treitz, Prayer Vierteljahresschrift, etc., loc. tit. 



