550 THE INTESTINAL CANAL, BY E. KLEIN AND E. VERSON. 



T144 of a millimeter. The fasciculi of the latter layer radiate 

 obliquely, both towards the anterior and the posterior surfaces. 



The fibrae obliquae of the stomach, situated for the most part 

 within the proper circular layer, have been accurately examined 

 by Gillenskoeld,* according to whom the layer of oblique fibres 

 is not so sharply denned from the circular as this is from the 

 longitudinal, but the several oblique fibres are continuous with 

 the circular, and each set passes into the other. The oblique 

 fibres form a girdle around the cardia, and run on the anterior 

 and posterior surfaces of the stomach, as far as the antrum 

 pylori. In accordance with his description, two portions of the 

 oblique layer may be distinguished ; one superior and horizon- 

 tal running in a forked manner over the left side of the cardia, 

 and extending to the antrum pyloricum itself, whilst the other 

 consists of shorter fasciculi, that run downwards, and sooner 

 enter the circular layer. At the plyorus itself, when the stomach 

 is continuous with the duodenum, the circular muscular layer in 

 the infant attains a thickness of 2' 64 millimeters, whilst the 

 longitudinal layer is reduced to a minimum, the greater number 

 of its fasciculi having entered the circular layer. The passage 

 of the stomach into the duodenum is effected by this sphincter, 

 which constitutes the valvula pylori. With the termination of 

 the sphincter pylori, various changes occur ; the gland tubes of 

 the mucous layer become more simple, equal in diameter 

 throughout, and completely lined with cylindrical epithelium. 

 They are now called the Crypts of Lieberkiihn, 



Tn the submucous tissue, acinous glands occur in close con- 

 tact with the muscularis mucosae (Brunner's Glands), which, at 

 first small, soon increase in size, and penetrate with their 

 excretory ducts the muscularis mucosae and the mucosa itself. 

 Where the first lobuli of these glands occur, small fasciculi are 

 given off from the external portion of the muscularis mucosae, 

 which run for a short distance external to the glands, and 

 separate them from the adjoining submucous tissue. 



Acinous glands consequently first make their appearance at 

 the commencement of the duodenum. 



* Gillenskoeld, Ueber die Fibres Obliques in Magen, "On the Oblique 

 Fibres of the Stomach ; " Archiv filr Anatomie und Physiologic, 1862, 

 Heft 2. 



