D. THE STOMACH, BY E. KLEIN. 557 



crease of the muscular layer, the horny layer also augments in 

 thickness. 



Leydig* originally stated that this layer is secreted by the 

 gastric glands. It consists, in fact, of laminae superimposed 

 upon one another (consecutively hardened) which are inter- 

 rupted at the points corresponding to the orifices of the gland 

 tubes, so that these are continued through the horny layer in 

 the form of a canal destitute of walls. It may be distinctly 

 perceived in hardened preparations coloured with carmine that 

 a homogeneous band proceeds as a direct continuation of the 

 contents of the tube through the horny layer to the free surface. 

 The columnar epithelium of the mucous membrane immediately 

 subjacent to this layer is continued without interruption into 

 the tubular glands. The several glands exhibit exactly the 

 same structure as those of the intermediate portion. 



I am unable, at least in the case of the yellow-hammer and 

 fowl, to agree with the statements of Hasse,f according to 

 whom two kinds of glands are present in the true stomach, 

 the simple and the compound tubular. The former, like the 

 individual tubes proceeding from the gland-sacs of the crop, 

 are partly lined with tessellated strongly granular cells, and 

 partly with columnar epithelium. 



As in the intermediate portion, there follows upon the gland- 

 ular layer a close web of decussating fasciculi, constituting a 

 muco-membranous tissue. The muscular layer,,, which at the 

 commencement of this region is still very thin, becoming 

 stronger as it descends by the development of ; numerous fasci- 

 culi, is also limited upon its outer surface, where it is still 

 somewhat thin, by a horny layer in which numerous oblique 

 strise are perceptible that are continuous with the pointed 

 muscular fasciculi that here take origin. Still more externally 

 succeeds the investing membrane composed of oblique fibres 

 which in some places is composed only of the tendinous ex- 

 pansion of the muscular fasciculi. 



Both of the layers situated externally to the muscular layer 



* Leydig, Histologie, p. 309. 



t C. Hasse, Beitrdge zur Histologie des Vogelmagens, " Essays on the 

 Histology of the Stomach of the Bird ;" Zeitschriftfur rationelle Medicin, 



Band xxviii., p. 1, et *eq. 



Q Q 2 



