68 THE LUNGS, BY FRANZ EILHARD SCHULZE. 



COLBERG, Observationes de penitiori pulmonum structura. Halls, 

 1863. 



0. WEBER, in VIRCHOW'S Archiv, Bd. xxix., 1864. (Epithelium.) 



L. MEIER, in VIRCHOW'S Archiv, Bd. xxx., 1864. (Epithelium.) 



ELENZ, in Wurzburger naturwissensch. Zeitschr., Bd. v., 1864. 

 (Epithelium.) 



Piso-BoRME, in Arch, di Zoologia, Vol. iii., 1864. 



BAKODY, in VIRCHOW'S Archiy, Bd. xxxiii., 1865. (Epithelium.) 



CHRZONSZCZEWSKY, in Wurzburger medic. Zeitschrift, iv., und VIR- 

 CHOW'S Archiv, Bd. xxxv., 1866. (Epithelium.) 



COLBERG, in Deutsches Archiv fur klinische Medicin, ii., 1866. 

 (Epithelium.) 



WYWODZOFF, in Wiener medic. Jahrbiicher, xi., 1866. (Lymph- 

 atics.) 



HENLE, Eingeweidelehre, 1866. 



KOSCHLAKOFF, in VIRCHOW'S Archiv, Bd. xxxv., 1866. (Pigment.) 



C. SCHMIDT, De I'epithelium pulmonaire. Strasbourg, 1866. Diss. 

 (Epithelium.) 



0. BAYER, Das Epithel der Lungenalveolen. Leipzif, 1867. Diss. 



KNAUFF, in VIRCHOW'S Archiv, Bd. xxxix. (Pigment.) 



II. THE LUNG OF THE BIRD. 



The main pulmonary air passage in Birds is continuous in a 

 straight line with the free bronchus of each, lung, traversing it 

 from before backwards, and ultimately opening with a wide 

 orifice into the abdominal air sac. It gives off lateral bronchial 

 tubes, which, with their simple feather-like lateral branches, 

 extend to the surface of the lung immediately beneath the 

 accessory sheath of connective tissue, with which they partly 

 fuse and partly become continuous with air sacs. From 

 the internal surface of the membranous walls of these bronchia 

 situated immediately beneath the surface of the lung, simple, 

 slightly elevated, and smooth septa project, which unite in a 

 retiform manner, so that the meshes circumscribe alveolar or 

 honeycomb-like areas. From all the surface in contact with 

 the parenchyma of the lung, as well as from some parts of the 

 main air passage and at right angles to it, the pulmonary 

 tubes, or air canals (canaliculi aeriferi) are given off. These 

 are long tubes, the external surface of which presents an 



