78 THE LUNGS, BY FRANZ EILHARD SCHULZE. 



PRINCIPAL WORKS RELATING TO THE MINUTE ANATOMY OF 

 THE LUNGS OF AMPHIBIA AND REPTILES. 



J. F. MECKEL, Ueber das Respirations -system der Reptilien, inMECKEi/s 



Archiv, Bd. iv., 1818. 

 J. F. MECKEL, Beitrage zur Geschichte des Respirations-systemes der 



Amphibien. MECKEL'S Archiv, Bd. v., 1849. 

 LEYDIG, Anatomisch-histolog. Untersuchungen iiber Fische und 



Reptilien, 1853. 

 WILLIAMS, Article Respiration, in TODD'S Cyclopaedia of Anat. and 



Physiol., Vol. v., 1859. 



H. MULLEB, Wiirzburger naturw. Zeitschr., 1861. 

 EBERTH, Ueber den feineren Bau der Lunge. Zeitschr. fiir wissensch. 



Zoologie von v. SIEBOLD und KOLLIKER, Bd. xii., 1863. 

 ELENZ, Ueber das Lungenepithel. Wiirzburger naturw. Zeitschr., 



Bd. iv., 1863. 

 J. ARNOLD, Zur Histologie der Lunge. VIRCHOW'S Archiv, Bd. 



xxviii., 1863. 

 C. SCHMIDT, De 1'epithelium pulmonaire, 1866. 



IY. THE LUNGS AND SWIMMING-BLADDER OF FISHES. 



The lungs of the Dipnoi, which anteriorly coalesce to form a 

 common cavity, but posteriorly are free and sacciform, possess 

 on their internal surface a system of anastomosing projecting 

 laminae, enclosing polygonal areas or alveolar-like spaces, which, 

 like those of the lung of the Snake, become more complicated 

 in front, in consequence of the formation of secondary alveoli 

 on the walls of the principal air cells, whilst posteriorly they 

 are merely arranged vertically on the general wall of the air 

 sac, and thus open directly into the common air cavity. The 

 more minute structural relations of the lungs of the Lepidosiren 

 do not differ essentially from those already described in the 

 lungs of Amphibia. The matrix here also consists of fibrous 

 connective tissue, with large stellate pigment cells. The ridges 

 projecting inwards contain dense bands of smooth muscular 

 tissue which are particularly well marked at their free borders, 

 increasing usually in extent with the height of the septa. A 

 respiratory capillary plexus is distributed over the inner surface 

 of the alveolar walls and the less prominent septa, the rounded 



