STRUCTURE OF THE PAROVARIUM. 205 



iere terminate by csecal extremities, whilst after the obliteration 

 the Wolffian duct, from which they at an earlier period, in 

 the greater number of animals, proceed, their lumen is shifted 

 also from this side. The remains of these canaliculi, and 

 consequently the remains of the sexual part of the Wolffian 

 body, which is sometimes found situated externally to the 

 ovary, constituting the organ of Rosenmuller, and sometimes 

 within the ovary, as in the Dog, form conjointly the parovarium, 

 which is the homologue of the epididymis of the male. In the 

 human female it consists at a later period of from twelve to 

 fifteen tubes imbedded in the ligamentum latum, which exhibit 

 a fibrous and nucleated wall lined by a single layer of ciliated 

 epithelium. The canals penetrating in the Dog deeply into the 

 ovary are not ciliated internally, but are lined by pavement 

 epithelium ; they are clearly to be regarded as homologues of 

 the tubuli seminiferi. 



The remains of the pre-renal portion of the Wolffian body 

 are also preserved in both sexes. In the male they represent 

 the organ of Giraldes, the parepididymis of Henle (50), or the 

 paradidymis (123); whilst in female embryoes they are sharply 

 differentiated from the organ of Rosenmiiller, and lie on the 

 median side of this, between the ovary and the Fallopian tube, 

 in the ligamentum latum. At a subsequent period an insig- 

 nificant residue alone remains, which, however, may easily lead 

 to the formation of many of the small cystic growths that are 

 so common in the broad ligament. 



A tolerably complete account of the older history and literature of the 

 ovarium and ovulum is given by A. v. Haller (138), and by Valentin 

 (139). The article by Farre, " Uterus and its Appendages," in Todd's 

 Cyclopaedia, Vol. v., and that by Leuckart, " Zengung," in the " Hand- 

 worterbuch der Physiologic " of Wagner, may also be consulted. The 

 more recent and important dates that may be mentioned are, that in 1827 

 v. Baer (2) discovered the ovum of the Mammal. The germinal vesicle 

 had already been noticed in 1825 by Purkyne (88) in the egg of the 

 Bird ; and in 1834 Coste observed the germinal vesicle of the Mam- 

 malian ovum, which was quite coincidently discovered by Valentin 

 and Bernhardt (13) in Breslau, and by Wharton Jones (140) in 

 London. In 1835 K. Wagner (121, 122), with the demonstration of 

 the germinal spot, provisionally brought the morphology of the ovum 



