OF THR 



uiriT 7 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



THE ORGANS OF TASTE. 

 BY TH. W. ENGELMANN, 



OF UTRECHT. 



a. ORGANS OF TASTE OF MAN AND MAMMALS. 



FOR some time past physiologists have recognized the principal 

 regions in Man in which the peripheric terminal apparatus of 

 the gustatory nerves must be situated, and have concluded that 

 they are represented by the superior surface of the root of the 

 tongue (especially the papillse circumvallatse), the borders and 

 apex of the tongue, and probably also the anterior portion of 

 the soft palate. Observations and experiments have rendered it 

 also probable that various kinds of terminal apparatus exist ; 

 and that these are not equably distributed over the gustatory 

 regions. In accordance with this, microscopic anatomy has 

 recently made us acquainted with special organs in Mammals 

 which must be regarded as the terminal apparatus of the gus- 

 tatory nerves. Chr. Loven and G. Schwalbe, independently of 

 each other, discovered in the laminated pavement epithelium 

 which covers the papillae cir cum vail at 83 of the Mammalian 

 tongue, numerous microscopic bud-like cell groups, which form 

 the terminations of the branches of the nervus glossopharyn- 

 geus, named by Loven gustatory bulbs (Geschmacks knospen 

 and Geschmackszwiebeln), and by Schwalbe, gustatory cups 

 (Schmeckbecher). 



These organs have already been demonstrated in Man, the Bog, 

 VOL. III. B 



