GUSTATORY ORGANS OF MAN AND MAMMALS. 



The lateral portions of the papillae circumvallatae are pre- 

 eminently the regions of the lingual mucous membrane where 

 the gustatory bulbs are found. They here, numbering often 

 many hundreds, form a broad girdle around each papilla. 

 They are found also, though in general more sparsely distri- 

 buted and isolated, upon the papillae fungiformes. In the 

 Hare and Rabbit, each, side of the root of the tongue exhibits 

 also a large oval elevation, divided into from ten to fourteen 

 thin folds the gustatory laminae b} 7 a corresponding number 

 of parallel transverse grooves or fissures, which contain thousands 

 of gustatory bulbs. Apart from the fungiform papillae which 

 now and then bear gustatory papillae on their free surfaces, we 

 find the organs in question always occupying protected portions 

 of the lingual mucous membrane, such as furrows and the 

 bottoms of fissures. Hence they are never seated upon the 

 epithelium of the plateau, in the papillae circumvallataa, but 

 upon the lateral portions of those papillae, and are therefore 

 protected by the circular wall, and in like manner they never 

 occupy the projecting portions of the laminae in these gustatory 

 folds of the lateral gustatory organ of the Rabbit, but are 

 always seated upon their sides. 



Structure of the gustatory papilla awl ifiixttitory folds. The papilla 

 nmiuii-iillata. The papillae circumvallatae (fig.. 270), into a descrip- 

 tion of the manifold variations in form of which we shall not h sre 

 enter, consist usually of a truncated conical body, composed of 

 connective tissue which is invested by a laminated pavement epithe- 

 lium. According to Loven, "The papilla itself i< beset upon its 

 upper part with a great number of conical or more or less elongated, 

 and sometimes forked, secondary papilla- ; whilst the border of the 



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