THE HEREFORD 207 



The countenance pleasant, cheerful, open ; the forehead broad ; eye full 

 and lively ; horns bright, taper, and spreading ; head small ; chap lean ; 

 neck long and tapering ; chest deep ; bosom broad and projecting forward ; 

 shoulder bone thin, flat, no way protuberant in bone (?), but full and mellow 

 in flesh ; chest full ; loin broad ; hips standing wide and level with the 

 chine ; quarters long and wide at the neck ; rump even with the level of the 

 back and not drooping nor standing high and sharp above the quarters ; tail 

 slender and neatly haired ; barrel round and roomy ; the carcass throughout 

 deep and well spread ; ribs broad, standing flat and close on the outer sur- 

 face, forming a small even barrel, the hindmost large and full of length; 

 round bone small, snug, and not prominent ; thigh clean and regularly taper- 

 ing ; legs upright and short ; bone below the knee and hock small ; feet 



Fig. 84. Shadeland Cora 36693, by Earl of Shadeland 22d 27147. Avery 

 high-class Hereford cow in field condition in pasture at Shadeland 

 Stock Farm, La Fayette, Indiana. Photograph by the author 



of middle size ; flank large ; flesh everywhere mellow, soft, and yielding 

 pleasantly to the touch, especially on the chine, the shoulder, and the ribs ; 

 hide mellow, supple, of a middle thickness, and loose on the neck and huckle ; 

 coat neatly haired, bright, and silky ; color a middle red with a bald face, 

 characteristic of the true Herefordshire breed. 



While this description has an important application to the 

 Hereford of to-day, in certain respects the breed has been 

 materially improved over what it was twenty-five years ago. Two 

 features which have subjected the breed to much criticism have 

 been excess of throatiness and dewlap, and lack of development 

 of rump and hind quarter. The rump has lacked in levelness and 



