THE RED POLLED 311 



recognized as of the same kind, and given the name Norfolk 

 and Suffolk Red Polled. About 1882 this was shortened to 

 Red Polled, by which name the breed is now recognized. 



Groups and tribes of Red Polled cattle gradually developed 

 from the various lines of breeding. The first volume of the 

 herdbook classes the united breed into twenty-five groups of 

 foundation stock, each indicated by a letter of the alphabet, as 

 A, B, C, etc., and these including numerous tribes or families. 



Fig. 138. Demon 5421 (A 1), one of the greatest Red Polled bulls in American 

 show-yard history. Bred by J. W. Martin of Wisconsin, he was shown 

 by Andrew Bros, of Ohio from 1898 to 1904 at the leading shows of the 

 country. Twice champion of the breed at the International Live Stock 

 Exposition, Chicago, and repeatedly grand champion Red Polled bull 

 at leading state fairs. Owned by the Ohio State University. Photo- 

 graph by the author 



The first volume gave 233 tribes, and later these increased to 

 385, but at present only about 200 tribes are represented in 

 the registration. While the group will remain the same in letter 

 the tribes naturally vary in number. The method has an advan- 

 tage in studying pedigrees, for with it the group and tribe 

 relationship is shown. The groups made up certain foundation 

 herds. For example, the A group comprises the cows in the 

 Elmham herd, or owned by tenants of the estate of that name ; 

 the B group, the cows in the Biddell herds and others in the 



