114 DOGS. 



The life-history of ascarides is not clearly made out. Pups 

 a few days old have been known to have them in a well- 

 developed state. 



Tapeworms pass an intermediate life in some other animal. 

 There are a number of distinct species, but it will suffice to say 

 that one dog cannot give tapeworm direct to another, and all 

 the known varieties have an intermediate bearer. 



Causes. — Eating uncooked food, and water or matter 

 containing ova. 



The viscera of hares and rabbits contain an intermediate 

 form of tapeworm. In the dog, the imperfect parasite is 

 hatched and fixes itself to the intestine, developing into a worm 

 of many segments in a short time. Each of these segments is 

 capable of producing 30,000 eggs. Another tapeworm passes 

 its intermediate life in the body of the dog louse, so that the 

 bearer in biting himself swallows the cyst which contains the 

 head of a new worm and this again fastens on to the dog's 

 bowel and develops as described above. 



Tpeatment. — For round worms santonine is the chief remedy. 

 Ground glass, buchu leaves infused in hot water, and a variety 

 of drugs unnecessary to name. 



For tapeworm areca-nut still holds its place as the best 

 anthelmintic. It should be bought in the form of nuts, and 

 grated with a nutmeg-grater to ensure its freshness, and be 

 mixed with milk. 



Dogs should be prepared by at least twelve hours' fasting; 

 twenty hours would be better. The medicine should be given 

 in the morning and the effect carefully noted. 



Dose. — Of santonine ^ to five grains, of areca-nut two 

 grains, to every pound weight of the dog. 



A dose of castor oil afterwards is good treatment. 



METHODS OF RESTRAINT. 



The majority of persons who keep dogs seldom or never give 

 a dose of medicine to them, and it is often difficult to do so. 



