i62 CATTLE. 



If a house can be reached there will be found other aids, 

 as cobwebs, vinegar, spirits, perhaps ice and other domestic 

 remedies. 



Salt or any innocuous substance which assists in the forma- 

 tion of a clot arrests haemorrhage, and pressure immediately 

 above the seat of injury, in the case of a limb. A tourniquet 

 may be improvised out of a pocket handkerchief and a stick. 



If a doctor or a chemist is near, the surgery will be found 

 to supply still more effectual agents, in the form of tincture of 

 iron, tannic and gallic acid. One of the most potent agents in 

 the arrest of bleeding is the hot-iron or actual cautery as it is 

 called. When all other means have failed the cautery has often 

 succeeded, but there is a natural repugnance on the part of 

 humane people to use this remedy as it is so suggestively 

 painful, not perhaps actually more so than other styptic agents. 



Internal remedies are also given to stop bleeding both with- 

 out and within ; among them may be named common salt, which 

 thickens the blood very rapidly and in the hands of the expert 

 is given subcutaneously, or injected into the veins. Such 

 application is of course out of the question for use by the 

 amateur, who may succeed with a bold dose or tw^o in a small 

 quantity of water. Gallic acid, tincture of iron, and sugar of 

 lead, the two latter only in small doses, tend to arrest internal 

 bleeding as from lungs or intestines. 



Alum may be recommended to the cattle-owner with great 

 confidence as a safe and commonly effectual styptic. 



HEART, DISEASES OR 



Although the centre pump responsible for the circulation 

 of the blood has so much less to do in cattle than in horses, it is 

 in cattle we expect to find heart troubles much more often than 

 in horses. 



Causes. — Exposure to bleak winds on draughty moors as in 

 the famous cheese-making districts, and lodgments of foreign 

 bodies. 



