172 



CATTLE. 



effect of turning out both round worms and the tape varieties ; 

 and flukes in the Hver seem unable to thrive in an animal so 

 treated, although there can be no actual contact of the drug. It 

 may be that the blood circulating in the liver is so charged with 

 the vapour of turpentine that flukes are unable to live in the ducts 

 which they haunt {sec Husk, page 163). Ground areca-nut and 

 sulphate of iron are also good remedies, but the great bulk of 

 ingesta in a bullock makes it always more difficult to kill worms 

 than it is in animals whose intestinal canal can be practically 

 emptied by way of preparation for the drugs selected for 

 administration. Recent experiments go' to show that the new 

 drug lysol is a most valuable vermicide, especially in the case 

 of cattle ; its action is quicker and more reliable than the old 

 remedies. It is given in 2 to 4 drachm doses mixed with a pint 

 of water. 



Prevention. — A liberal supply of rock salt, and the dressing 

 of infected land with salt in autumn ; as most of our animal 

 parasites pass an intermediate life in soft molluscs ; hence the 

 greater frequency of fluke and other worms on low-lying 



pastures. 



WOUNDS, 



Serious wounds are often inflicted upon cattle by the horns of 

 their fellows, thus there is an increasing preference for the 

 hornless breeds ; these, being without weapons of offence, seem 

 also to lose that pugnacity which constitutes one of the reasons 

 that has led to the decadence of the once famous long-horns 

 of this country. 



Rushing pell-mell through gates, and it must be added 

 through barbed wire fences, so much used by the small occupier 

 and dreaded by the huntsman, accounts for many ghastly 

 wounds in cattle. 



While the treatment of wounds depends somewhat on their 

 extent and situation, there are certain general rules to be observed, 

 which are more or less applicable to all cases. 



To render them aseptic is the surgeon's first care, and this 

 may be done by the cattle owner himself if he is in possession 



