116 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE OUANANICHE 



change from one direction of slope to another so easy, 

 that a number of large lakes near the watershed are 

 known to have two outlets flowing in opposite direc- 

 tions. An instance of this kind may be cited in Fox 

 Lake, a large lake southeast of Nichicoon. The south- 

 ern discharge of this lake falls into the St. Lawrence 

 by the Manicougan River, while its northern outlet 

 forms the headwaters of the Koksoak River, that flows 

 into Ungava Bay. This intimate connection of the 

 headwaters of the various rivers must greatly aid the 

 wide distribution of fish such as the ouananiche. I 

 found them in the Koksoak River for a distance of nearly 

 two hundred miles below Lake Caniapscow. Between 

 the place where last seen and the sea are four chutes, 

 one of which at least could not be passed by salmon 

 from below, as it has a sheer fall of sixty feet. My 

 guide of the summer of 1891 informed me that ouana- 

 niche were found in the lakes and river stretches of 

 the upper part of the George River, which also emp- 

 ties into Ungava T>a,y. 



" On the eastern watershed we frequently caught 

 landlocked salmon on both branches of the Hamilton 

 River, above the Grand Falls, where the sheer fall is 

 three hundred feet. Salmon only ascend the Hamil- 

 ton River twenty miles above its mouth, where they 

 are stopped by a small fall, which is impassable on 

 account of the peculiar manner in which the water 

 passes over a ledge of rock. 



" Ouananiche were taken in the great Lake Michi- 

 kamow, at the head of the Northwest River, which 

 also empties into Hamilton Inlet. 



" No fish were taken in the Romaine River, flowing 



