CONTENTS. XI 



of Mosquitoes. The Desolation of Winter in this Region. The Reindeer 

 Slaughter-pen on the Kvichak River. Amazing Improvidence of the 

 Innuit. The Tragic Death of Father Juvenals, on the Banks of the Great 

 Ilyamna Lake, 1796. The Queer Innuits of Togiak. Immense Muskrat 

 Catch. The Togiaks are the Quakers of Alaska. The Kuskokvim Mouth 

 a Vast Salmon-trap. The Ichthyophagi of Alaska. Dense Population. 

 Daily Life of the Fish-eaters. Infernal Mosquitoes of Kuskokvim ; the 

 Worst in Alaska. Kolmakovsky ; its History. 



CHAPTER 



LONELY NORTHERN WASTES pp. 412-435 



The Mississippi of Alaska : the Yukon River, and its Thorough Exploration. 

 Its vast Deltoid Mouth. Cannot be Entered by Sea-going Vessels. Its 

 Valley, and its Tributaries. Dividing Line between the Eskimo and the 

 Indian on its Banks. The Trader's Steamer ; its Whistle in this Lone 

 Waste of the Yukon. Michaelovsky, the Trading Centre for this Exten- 

 sive Circumpolar Area. The Characteristic Beauties of an Arctic Land- 

 scape in Summer. Thunder-storms on the Upper Yukon ; never Experi- 

 enced on the Coast and at its Mouth. Gorgeous Arches of Auroral Light; 

 Beautiful Spectacular Fires in the Heavens. Unhappy Climate. Saint 

 Michael's to the Northward. Zagoskin, the Intrepid Young Russian Ex- 

 plorer, 1842. Snow Blizzards. Golovin Bay; our People Prospecting 

 there for Lead and Silver. Drift-wood from the Yukon Strews the 

 Beaches of Bering Sea. Ookivok, and its Cliff-cave Houses. Hardy 

 Walrus-hunters. Grantley Harbor ; a Reminder of a Costly American 

 Enterprise and its Failure. Cape Prince of Wales facing Asia, thirty-six 

 miles away. Simeon Deschnev, the first White Man to see Alaska, 1648. 

 His Bold Journey. The Diomede Islands ; Stepping-stones between Asia 

 and America in Bering Straits. Kotzebue Sound; the Rendezvous for 

 Arctic Traders ; the Last Northern Station Visited by Salmon. Interest- 

 ing Features of the Place. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



MORSE AND MAHLEMOOT pp. 436-465 



The Monotonous Desolation of the Alaskan Arctic Coast. Dreary Expanse of 

 Low Moorlands. Diversified by Saddle-backed Hills of Gray and Bronze 

 Tints. The Coal of Cape Beaufort in the Arctic. A Narrow Vein. 

 Pure Carboniferous Formation. Doubtful if these Alaskan " Black Dia- 

 monds" can be Successfully Used. Icy Cape, a Sand- and Gravel-spit. 

 Remarkable Land-locked Lagoons on the Beach. The Arctic Innuits. 

 Point Barrow, Our Extreme Northern Land, a Low Gravel-spit. The But- 



