320 OUR ARCTIC PROVINCE. 



breeding-grounds, their continuity broken by a short reach of sea- 

 wall right under and at the eastern foot of Lukannon Hill. The 

 appearance of these rookeries is, like all the others, peculiar to 

 themselves. There is a rounded, bulging hill, at the foot of Lukan- 

 non Bay, which rises perhaps one hundred and sixty or one hun- 

 dred and seventy feet from the sea, abruptly at the point, but 

 swelling out gently up from the sand-dunes in Lukannon Bay to 

 its summit at the northwest and south. The big rookery rests 

 upon its northern slope. Here is a beautiful adaptation of the fin- 

 est drainage, with a profusion of those rocky nodules scattered 

 everywhere over it, upon which the female seals so delight in 

 resting. 



Standing on the bald summit of Lukannon Hill, we turn to the 

 south, and look over Ketavie* Point, where another large aggre- 

 gate of rookery life rests under our eye. The hill falls away into 



* DEFINITIONS FOR RUSSIAN NAMES OF THE ROOKERIES, ETC. The sev- 

 eral titles on my map that indicate the several breeding-grounds, owe their 

 origin and have their meaning as follows : 



ZAPADNIE signifies " westward," and is so used by the people who live in 

 the village. 



ZOLTOI signifies " golden," so used to express a metallic shimmering of the 

 sand there. 



KETAVIE signifies " of a whale" so used to designate that point where a 

 large right whale was stranded in 1849 (?) ; from Russian "keet," or " whale." 



LUKANNON so named after one Lukannon, a pioneer Russian, that dis- 

 tinguished himself, with one Kaiecov, a countryman, who captured a large 

 number of sea-otters at that point, and on Otter Island, in 1787-88. 



TONKIE MEES signifies "-small (or "slender") cape" [toukie, "thin"; 

 mees, " cape"]. 



POLAVINA literally signifies "halfway," so used by the natives because it 

 is practically half way between the salt-houses at Northeast Point and the vil- 

 lage. POLAVINA SOPKA, or "half-way mountain," gets its name in the same 

 manner. 



NOVASTOSHNAH, from the Russian "novaite," or " of recent growth," so 

 used because this locality in pioneer days was an island to itself ; and it has 

 been annexed recently to the mainland of St. Paul. 



VESOLIA MISTA, or "jolly place," the site of one of the first settlements, 

 and where much carousing was indulged in. 



MAROONITCH, the site of a pioneer village, established by one Maroon. 



NAHSAYVERNIA, or "on the north shore," from Russian, " sayvemie." 



BOGASLOV, or " word of God," indefinite in its application to the place, but 

 is, perhaps, due to the fact that the pious Russians, immediately after landing 

 at Zapadnie, in 1787, ascended the hill and erected a huge cross thereon. 



