350 APPENDIX 



5. Heath Hen. Tympanuchus cupido. 



This bird has the same pattern, color, and markings as the common 

 prairie grouse, and was until recently regarded as identical with it. 

 Only expert ornithologists can distinguish the birds. 



Hab. Island of Martha's Vineyard. (Formerly Southern New 

 England and parts of the Middle States.) 



6. Sharp-tailed Grouse. Pedioccztes phasianellus. 



General color brownish gray. Top of head, neck, and entire upper 

 parts, black, barred and mottled everywhere, except on top of head, 

 with buff, the bars narrow. White spots on the wings, under parts 

 white, spotted with black on the throat and front of neck. V-shaped 

 marks on breast and flanks, fewer and smaller on abdomen. Legs and 

 toes covered with hairy light-brown feathers. Bill, blackish brown. 

 Length, 16 in.; wing, 8^ in. Weight about 2 pounds. 



Female. Same as male, perhaps slightly smaller. 



Hab. Interior of British America, from Lake Superior and Hudson 

 Bay to Fort Simpson. 



(a) Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse (Pedioccstes phasianellus co- 



lumbianus)* 



Hab. Plains of the Northwestern United States and British Co- 

 lumbia to central portions of Alaska ; northward chiefly west of the 

 main Rocky Mountains ; eastward in Montana and Wyoming ; south- 

 ward to Utah, Northern Nevada, and Northeastern California. Same 

 in pattern and color as the preceding ; it would require an expert to 

 distinguish them. 



(b) Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse (Pediocates phasianellus campes- 



tris). 



Hab. Plains and prairies of the United States east of Rocky 

 Mountains north to Manitoba ; east to Wisconsin and Illinois ; south 

 to New Mexico. A very similar bird to the others ; somewhat lighter ; 

 sometimes called " white-belly." 



7. Ruffed Grouse. Bonasa umbdlus. 



General color brown. Mate. Upper parts varied with yellowish 

 brown and gray, barred with black on back, wings, head, and neck ; 

 lower part of back and rump gray, spotted with buff and brown ; tufts 

 of long, broad feathers on each side of the neck black, tipped with light 



