SPECIAL CREATION AND EVOLUTION 



213 



evolution, or transmutation of species, as in accordance with that 

 of special creation. 



The fundamental difference between these two opposing and 

 irreconcilable doctrines can be expressed by means of the 

 accompanying simple diagrams (Fig. 82) : 



--' b c de abcde 



?????/' ? * t ' ? J * 5 I Z 3* 5 I 3 J45678 I Z34567 I 23* 1254512345 



B' C' D' 



Special Creation 



Evolulion 



FIG. 82. 



The letters A E are supposed to represent five closely related 

 existing species in each case. According to the doctrine of 

 special creation each of these species has persisted without altera- 

 tion from the time when it was first created, so that the 

 ancestral species may be represented by the letters A' B' C' D' 

 and E', and the lines of descent of existing species run parallel 

 with one another. The idea of evolution, on the other hand, 

 is expressed by showing these lines of descent diverging from 

 a remote ancestral species, x, which may have been quite different 

 in character from any of the existing species. 



Any existing species at the present day is made up of a 

 larger or smaller number of individual organisms, and we know 

 as a matter of fact, proved by daily observation, that these 



