THE ORGANS IN THE CHEST. 



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lined by a smooth moist serous membrane, and named the pericardium, 

 the forepart of which is cut away in Fig. 13, to show a portion of the 

 heart. A, The heart, as seen in Fig. 14 (in which both lungs are taken 



Fig. 14. 



Fig. 14. Deeper view of the cavities of the thorax and abdomen, with most of their contents removed. 

 In this figure the anterior half of the diaphragm is cut away. From the thorax, the lungs are removed ; 

 the pericardium is also dissected away from the heart, h, which is left attached to the great bloodvessels, of 

 which p represents the pulmonary artery, * the aorta, and v the superior vena cava. The inferior vena 

 cava, which is seen perforating the diaphragm, d, to reach the heart, is marked '. The abdominal aorta 

 is also marked with an asterisk *. The left kidney, k, is seen in its natural position, with its arteries and 

 veins going into and out of it, also with its ureter or duct, u, leading down to the urinary bladder, which 

 lies almost entirely concealed in the pelvis. The left supra-renal body surmounts the kidney. (After 

 Bourgery.) 



away), is attached above by the tubes or great bloodvessels, which 

 spring from it, and branch out into all parts of the body. Of these 

 vessels there are two kinds, as already mentioned in describing the 

 bloodvessels of the limbs, viz., arteries and veins. The great artery, 

 p, whose branches are distributed to the lungs, is called the pulmonary 

 artery (pulmo, the lung) ; the pulmonary veins, which proceed from the 

 lungs to the heart, enter that organ behind, and are not seen in this 

 figure. The asterisk * is placed on the aorta, the great arterial stem, 



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