86 



ANATOMY. 



being gone, the carbon diminished, and the nitrogen and oxygen in- 

 creased. Chondrin has a little sulphur still retained in it, and so has 

 keratin. The coloring matters of the blood, the eyeball and the bile, 

 have also the appearance of being derived from albumen, the carbon 

 being increased, the hydrogen and nitrogen diminished, and, in the 

 case of the hsematin, an extraordinary addition appearing in the shape 

 of seven per cent, of iron in some unknown state of combination. 

 Cerebric acid is regarded as a slightly azotized fatty substance, which 

 also contains phosphorus; cholic acid is also fatty; both, therefore, 

 contain much carbon and hydrogen. Another fatty acid in the bile 

 (the tauro-cholic) contains in addition a little sulphur. The extractive 

 matters creatin and creatinin, sarcin, xanthin, and others, are mainly 

 distinguished by the large amount of nitrogen they contain. This is 

 also the case with urea and uric acid, both which excretory substances, 

 however, are more highly oxidized, or contain proportionally more 

 oxygen than the preceding substances. 



The non-azotized bodies, such as simple fat and sugar, yield, on 

 being decomposed or burnt, carbonic acid (C0 2 ), and water (H 2 0) 

 only, the additional quantities of oxygen required being derived from 

 the atmosphere. By natural decomposition, as already stated, the 

 azotized organic matters yield ammonia (NH 3 ), which consists of one 

 atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen : those which contain 

 sulphur (especially albumen), also yield sulphuretted hydrogen gas 

 (H 2 S), which is a compound of two atoms of hydrogen, and one atom 

 of sulphur. By destructive heat, these substances yield, besides am- 

 monia, water, and carbonic acid, sulphuric acid (S0 3 ). Any saline or 

 earthy matter, associated in the tissues with either the azotized or 

 non-azotized substances, is left as ashes after the burning. 



Finally, then, it appears that the ultimate chemical elements enter- 

 ing into the composition of the body, are those which are indicated in 

 the following table, to which, however, must be added a trace of man- 

 ganese (probably associated with the iron), and sometimes traces of 

 aluminium, copper, and lead, probably accidental. The percentage 

 proportions of these ultimate elements have been said to be as follow : 



Oxygen, 



Hydrogen, 



Nitrogen, 



Chlorine, 



Fluorine, 



Carbon, . 



Phosphorus, 



Calcium, 



Sulphur, 



Sodium, 



Potassium, 



Iron, 



Magnesium, 



Silicon, . 



72. 

 9.1 

 2.5 



.085 



.08 

 13.5 

 1.15 

 1.3 



.1476 



.1 



.026 



.01 



.0012 



.0002 



100. 



The entire body, that is, the body with its natural moisture, is com- 



