1004 



INDEX. 



Hearing, 413. Sight, 475. Locomotion on 

 solids, 182; in fluids, 186. Voice, 217. Cere- 

 brum. 321, 324, 325. Cerebellum. 326. 

 Tongue, 380. Ova of, 948. Heat of, 873. 



Amphioxus, or Lancelet, 106. Alimentary 

 canal, ciliated, 589. Blood corpuscles of, 

 689, 695. Circulation in, 694. Blood- 

 glands absent, 751. Absorbents absent, 

 631. Nervous system, 328. Sight, 475 

 Smell, 391. Respiration, 870. Chorda dor- 

 salis, 989. Heart is not simple, 694. 



Amygdalae, 501 



Amylaceous food, action of stomach on, 548. 



Amylin, 76 (see Starch) 



Amyloid substance. In Tunicata, 745. In 

 healthy muscle, 745 ; degeneration of 

 tissues and organs, 745 



Analogies in animals, 116 



Aneleetrotonus, 228 



Animal, Dissection of, 37 



Animal cells, 68, 980. Functions, general 

 view, 93 , table, 100 ; special physiology of, 

 129. Heat, 872, 886 (see Heat). Elec- 

 tricity, 892-895 (see Electricity) . Light, 

 889-891 (see Light). Kingdom, Cuvier's 

 arrangement, 103 ; modern arrangement, 

 104; outlines of, 102. Magnetism, 317. 

 Subkingdoms, 106 



ANIMALS, Classification of, 102-104. Expres- 

 sion and gesture in, 199. Compared with 

 plants, 122. Hearing, organs and sense, 

 412. Locomotion in air, 189; in fluids, 

 184; on solids, 176. Nervous system and 

 its functions, 318. Organs and function of 

 sight in, 472. Ovaries and ova of, 848. 

 Position of man amongst, 112. Prehension 

 and Manipulation, 196. Reproduction of, 

 933. Smell, organs and sense, 390. Special 

 senses, 346. Skin, 372. Taste, organs and 

 sense, 380. Touch, its sense and organs. 

 370. Voice, 215. Cold-blooded, 873, 884^ 

 888. Warm-blooded, 873, 874, 884, 887. 

 Carnivorous, 884, 906. Herbivorous, 884, 

 885, 906. Hibernation of, 886. 



Ankle, adaptation to erect posture, 170. 



ANNELIDA. Digestive organs and glands, 

 591, 594. Pseudo-haemal vessels, 697. Res- 

 piration, 866, 871. Touch, 371. Hearing, 

 415. Sight, 479. Locomotion, 183. Ner- 

 vous system, 109. Reproduction of, 935. 

 Luminosity in, 891 



ANNULOIDA. General characters and classes, 

 110. Locomotion in water, 188 ; on solids, 

 182. Nervous system and actions, 334. 

 Prehension, 198, 573. Denticles, 580. Sali- 

 vary tubuli, 581. Alimentary canal, 591. 

 Gastric glands, 593. Liver, 594. Pancre- 

 atic tubuli, 597. Circulation, 698. Res- 

 piration, 871. Hearing, 415. Sight, 480. 

 Touch, 372. Smell, 392 



ANNULOSA. Eyes of, 478. Development, 

 937, 953. General characters and classes, 

 109. Luminosity, 890. Nervous system 

 and actions, 331. Ova, 949. Prehension, 

 198 ; of food, 573. Mandibles and tnaxil- 

 Ise, 573, 574. Proboscis, 574. Salivary 

 glands, 581. Alimentary canal, 590. Liver, 

 594. Circulation, 696. Renal organs, 790. 

 Respiration, 866-868, 871. Touch, 371. 

 Smell, 392. Hearing, 414, 415. Sight, 

 478. Locomotion on solids, 182 ; in fluids, 

 188; in air, 190. Voice, 217 



Ant-eaters, salivary glands in, 581 



Antiperistaltic action, 517 



Antlers of stag, development of, 708 ; falling 

 of, 708 



Aorta, 33, 34. In Reptiles and Amphibia, 691. 

 Primitive, 975, 976, 977, 980. 



Aortic arch in Man and Mammalia, 691. In 

 Birds, 691. Arches in Reptiles, 691 



Aphides, reproduction of, 935, 937 



Apnoea, 352 



Appetite. 350 



Aquatic breathers, 796. Respiration, 796, 

 868-872 



Aqueous humor, 427, 429, 437, 965 



ARACHNIDA. Digestive organs and glands, 

 591, 594. Circulation, 697. Renal organs, 

 790. Respiration, 866, 871. Touch, 371. 

 Hearing, 414. Sight, 479. Locomotion, 

 183. Nervous system, 333 



Arachnoid membrane, 26, 235 



Arantii, corpus, 634, 636 



Arbor vitas, or tree of life, 245 



Arches, arterial, 976. Branchial, or visceral, 

 967 



Arcus senilis, 1001 



Area, germinal, 953. Opaca, 953. Pellu- 

 cida, 953. Vitelline, 953. Vascular, 956, 

 974 



Areolar tissue, 24, 43. Intermuscular, 984, 

 997 



Aristotle, lantern of, 581 



Arm, adaptations of, 193 



Arterial arches, 976. blood (see Blood). 

 bulb of fishes, 692 



ARTERIES, 25, 96. Development of, 992. 

 Influence of, on circulation, 658. Elasticity, 

 658-661. Vital contractility, 658, 659. 

 Tone, 659. Character of current in, 660. 

 Branchings, bendings, and anastomoses, 

 661. Rate of motion of blood in different, 

 662 ; slower in more distant arteries, 662, 

 663. Blood pressure, 663-666. Modified 

 by respiration, 665, 666. Effect of division 

 of sympathetic on, 666. Pulse, 667, 672. 

 Ratio between dilatation and contraction of, 

 672. In Mammalia, 690. Structure of, 54. 

 Omphalo-mesenteric, 956, 975. Umbilical, 

 959, 975, 978. Vitelline, 975. Primitive, 

 976. Hypogastric, 975, 978. Mode of clo 

 sure, 728 



Arthrodia, or planiform joints, 155 



Articulata, General characters, 103, 109 



Articulations, 153 



Artificial circulation, 856. respiration, 

 854-856 



Arytenoid cartilages, 200. muscles, 202, 

 207, 812 



AsciDiolDA. Digestive glands and organs, 

 590, 594. Circulation, 696. Respiration, 

 807. Hearing, 414. Sight, 477. Locomo- 

 tion, 188. Nervous system, 331. Repro- 

 duction, 935 



Asphyxia, 850. Essential characters, 850. 

 Death from, 850-852, 999. Recovery from, 

 855. Treatment of, 855, 856, 857. Cuta- 

 neous, 795 



Aspirator, 881 



Assimilation. Primary, 699. Secondary, 

 699. Nutritive, a metabolic effort, 702 



Assimilative glands, 733 



Asthma, 817 



Astigmatism, 446 



