INDEX. 



1005 



Atmosphere, Composition of, 823 



Atrophy, 706. Senile, 1001. Of Muscle, 134 



Attention, 298 



Auditory organs (see Hearing). nerve, 251, 



399, 411. vesicles, 965 

 Auricle, or pinna, 392, 402 

 Auricles of heart, 632, 635 

 Automatic acts, 275, 304 

 Automatic movements, 304 

 Awaking, causes of, 314 

 Axile bodies, or tactile corpuscles, 357 

 Axis-cylinder of nerve, 51 

 Azote, 838 (see Nitrogen) 

 Azotized constituents of the body, 72, 84 



Babyroussa, tusk of, 575 



Bacteria, 934 



Balance of body maintained, 172. 



Bartholin, duct of, 521 



Basement-membrane, 62, 994 



Basis of support of body, 161. 



Batrachia (see Amphibia) 



Bat, flight of, 189 



Bauhin, valve of, 516 



Beef-tea, preparation and contents of, 571 



Bellini, tubes of, 770 



Beverages, 487 



Bilateral action of the nervous system, 312 



Bile, 95. Non-elimination, 761. Source and 

 composition, 531, 759. Secretion, constant, 

 538 ; effect of injury of vagus nerve on, 760. 

 Hepatic, 538. Cystic, 538. Constituents 

 of, 538, 539, 540. Pettenkofer's test for, 

 539. Uses of, 761. Action of, 554-556; 

 anti-putrescent, 556 ; excrementitious, 555, 

 760 ; on fat, 555, 556. Supplementary non- 

 chemical uses, 555. Scanty and excessive 

 supply, 555. Present in lower part of small 

 intestine, 561. Specific gravity, 539. De- 

 composition, in intestines, 557. Portal 

 blood essential to formation, 759. Not pre- 

 formed in blood, 760. Source of acids and 

 coloring matters. 760 



Bilifulvin, 74, 540 



Bilin, 539 



Biliphaein, 540 



Bilipyrrhin, 540 



Biliverdin, 74, 540 



Bill, different shape of, in Birds, 573 



Binocular parallax, 459 



BIRDS. Prehension of food, 573. Bills, 573. 

 Jaws, 580. Salivary glands, 581. Phar- 

 ynx, 582. Crop, or ingluvies, 586, 587. 

 Proventriculus succenturiatus, or true glan- 

 dular stomach, 586. Gizzard, gigerium, ven- 

 triculus bulbosus, third or muscular stom- 

 ach, 586. Pyloric valve, 587. Heat of, 874. 

 Intestines,586,587. Integuments, 372. Ileo- 

 caecal valve, absent, 588. Caecum, usually 

 double. 588 ; vitelline, 588, 956. Caeoa 

 sometimes wanting, 588. Cloaca, 588. Bur- 

 sa Fabricii, 588. (Esophagus, 586. Liver, 

 594. Gall-bladder, 595. Pancreas, 595. 

 Lymphatic system. 630. Portal circulation, 

 691. Heart, 690. Aortic arch, 691. Spleen, 

 750. Suprarenal bodies, 750. Thyroid 

 body, 750. Thy m us gland, 750. Kidneys, 

 788. Thorax, 862, 863. Lungs and respi- 

 ration, 863. Air-sacs, 863. Bones, air-cav- 

 ities in, 863. Temperature of. 874. Touch, 

 370. Taste, 380. Smell, 391. Hearing, 



412. Sight, 474. Locomotion on solids, 

 180, 181; in fluids, 185 ; in air, 190-193. 

 Voice, 216. Perching, 181. Prehension, 

 197. Encephalon, 320. Cerebrum, 321, 

 324, 325. 326. Corpora quadrigemina, 325. 

 Cerebellum, 326. Spinal cord, 327. Hypo- 

 glossal nerve, 328 



Bladder, urinary, 35. Inversion of. 774. 

 Walls of. 774 



Blastema or matrix, 67, 981, 982 



Blastoderm, and its three layers, 953 



Blastodermic vesicle, 952 



Blind spot of the eye, 447, 451 



BLOOD, 57. Affinity for oxygen, 836, 837. 

 Arterial, characters of, 795, 828 ; uses of, 

 708. Buffy coat, 721, 722. Changes in 

 quality, 708 ; in fibrin, 833 ; in gases, 833- 

 842 ; in temperature, 833 ; in color, 828 ; 

 cause of, 828, 832. Clot, forms of, 721, 722. 

 Coagulation of, 60, 717-728; accelerated, 

 retarded, or interrupted, 718-721; induced 

 in animals, 720 ; cause of. 723; a vital act, 

 723, 724 ; a physical process dependent on 

 escape of ammonia, 724 ; dependent on the 

 colloidal action of fibrin, 727 ; dependent 

 on reaction between fluid and solid constit- 

 uents, 727 ; dependent on catalytic action 

 of corpuscles, 727 ; dependent on influence 

 of red corpuscles, 727 ; dependent on reac- 

 tion of fibrino-genous and fibrino-plastic 

 substances, 727. Coloring matter, source 

 of, 731, 905 ; effect of different substances 

 on, 828. Composition of, 79. Constituents, 

 proximate, 78 j continually changed, 731 ; 

 uses of particular constituents of: albu- 

 minoid, 707; extractives, 711; fatty, 711 f 

 fibrin, 710 ; gases, 713; salts, 712, 713; 

 sugar, 711. Effete matters in, 712. Cor- 

 puscles, 57. Red corpuscles, 68; affinity 

 for oxygen, 837 ; origin of, after birth, 729 ; 

 origin of, in embryo, 992 ; decay of, 730 ; 

 function of. 709 ; chemical changes in, 730 ; 

 collected in spleen, 730 ; qaantity in ani- 

 mals. 709, 884; absent in Amphioxus, 689 ; 

 absent in non-Vertebrata, 695. White cor- 

 puscles, 59 ; origin of, 729 ; changed into 

 red, 730 ; in goitre, 739, 740 ; function of, 



709 ; in leucaemia, 735 ; development of, 

 993 ; regeneration of, 997 ; size of, 69 ; sta- 

 sis of in inflammation, 706. Cruorin, where 

 added to corpuscles, 730 ; changes in color 

 during respiration, dependent on oxidation 

 of, 830; scarlet, 831; purple, 831; affinity 

 for oxygen, 832 ; oxygen chemically com- 

 bined with, 832. Determination 'of, 708. 

 Development of, 974. Extractives, 79, 713 ; 

 Extravasation of, 714. Fibrin, 79; office, 



710 ; coagulation is sometimes injurious, 



711 ; changes in, during respiration, 832 ; 

 artificially formed, 833 ; source of, 731, 

 905; oxidized in liver and kidneys, 731; 

 splenic vein contains much, 731. Gases in 

 100 volumes, 836. Haematin of, 73; pro- 

 duction, 709 ; destination, 709. Halitus, 

 718. Heat or temperature, 874. Impure, 

 action of, 732. Liquor sanguinis, 57 ; flu- 

 idity of, essential to life, 717 ; office of, 709 ; 

 source of its albumen, 730 ; amyloid and 

 saccharine matters, 731 ; creatin and crea- 

 tinin, 731 ; fatty matters, 730 ; fibrin, 731 ; 

 salts and earthy matters, 730. Loss or hem- 

 orrhage, 714; effects of, 708. Microscopic 



