1006 



INDEX. 



elements. 58. Nutrition, 700. Nutritive 

 properties, how affected. 714. Odor, 718. 

 Quantity in body, 687, 688 ; projected 

 through aorta per second, 688; at each 

 systole, 688 ; sent through kidneys, 768. 

 Ratio between blood and body in Man, 687, 



688 ; in animals, 687. Respiratory changes, 

 828-832. Spectrum analysis, 830. Trans- 

 fusion, 715. Uses of, and of its circulation, 



689 ; in nutrition, 698, 707. Venous, char- 

 acters of, 79, 703, 795, 828. Of animals, 

 709, 884; of Amphioxus, 689, 695; of Non- 

 vertebrata, 695 ; corpuscles, colored, 58 j 

 95; white, 59; red (size of), 69 



Blood-glands absent in Non-vertebrata, 751 

 (see Ductless Glands). 



Bloodvessels of Non-vertebrata, 695. Of liver, 

 in animals, 594. Regeneration of, 997. 

 Development of, 974, 992. Structure of, 

 54 ; arteries, 54 ; veins, 54 ; capillaries, 55 



BODY, Human. Effects of cold on, 876-878 ; 

 of heat on, 878-880. Electricity, 892. 

 Heat, 874-886. Luminousness, 890. Stat- 

 ics, 895. Dynamics, 910. Stature, 896. 

 Weight, 896. Temperature, 874-886. Spe- 

 cific gravity, 895. Height, 896. Propor- 

 tions of proximate constituents, 897. Trans- 

 formation, substance of, 900. Chemical 

 changes, sum of, in, 907. Compared with 

 a machine. 913, 917, 918. Growth of, 998. 

 Decay of, 999. Height of, at birth, 998. 

 Weight of, at birth, 998. 



Bone, 46, 152. Composition of, 77. Primary, 

 986, 988. Secondary, 986. Development 

 of, 986. Reparation of, 997 



Bones, 93. Adaptation to purposes served by 

 them, 152. Air-cavities of, in Birds, 190, 

 863. Long bones, development of x 988 



Bonnet, of Ruminants, 583 



Botal, duct of, 694, 980 



Brachiopoda, digestive organs of, 590. Di- 

 gestive glands, 594. Circulation, 696. Res- 

 piration, 871 



Brain, 28, 93, 235. Mode of ascertaining com- 

 position of white substance, 76. Parts of, 

 237. (See those parts.) Size and weight of, 

 236. Development of, 961, 963. Supply of 

 blood to, 236, 684 



Branchiae, 796, 868. Of Amphibia, 868. 

 Fishes, 869. Mollusca, 870. Annu- 

 losa, 871 



Branchial arches, 967. clefts, 967. 

 arteries of Fish, 692. vessels supplying 

 gills of Fish, 869. arterial arches of 

 Amphibia, 869. sacs, Molluscoida, 871. 

 heart of Fish, 692 



Branchiated, or water-breathing Vertebrata, 

 690 



Bright's disease, urine in, 775, 786 



Breath (see Respiration) 



Breathing air. 819, 820 



Bronchi, 34, 798, 799 



Bronchia, or bronchial tubes, 34, 802 



Bronchial sounds, 814. vessels, 804 



Brunner's glands, 542 



Buds, animal, 935 



Buffy coat, 721 



Bulbus arteriosus, development of, 975 



Buttermilk, 763 



Butyric acid, 76 



Byssus of Lamellibranchiata, 790 



Cadaveric rigidity, 144, 1002. Caducibran- 

 chiate Amphibia, respiration in, 869, 870 



Caecum, 36, 514. Absent in certain Mamma- 

 lia, 585. Usually present and double in 

 Birds, 588. Absent in Crocodile, 588. 

 Sometimes present in Fishes, 589. vitel- 

 line, 956 



Caillet of Ruminants, 583 



Calamus scriptorius, 246 



Calculi, urinary, 784 



Calorescence, 432 



Calories, 514 



Calorific food, 484, 900, 907, 918. rays, 

 432. work of body, 913, 916 



Calorimetry, 880 



Calorimeters, 880 



Calyces of kidney, 770 



Calyx of ovary, 943 



Camel, water-cells of, 583 



Camera obscura, 436 



Canal of Wirsung, 541 



Canals portal, 535. semicircular, 396 ; 

 uses of, 408. 



Canaliculi of bones, 46, 987 



Cancer, 706 



Capillaries, structure of, 55. Length of sys- 

 temic, 686. Development of, 992 



Capillary circulation, 673-677. Cause, 674. 

 Theories, 673, 674. Phenomena, 675. Still 

 layer of, 675. Rate of motion of blood in 

 systemic, 676 ; in pulmonary, 676. Retard- 

 ation of blood in, 676. Resistance in, 677 



Caproic acid, 76 



Capsules of the kidney, 770 



Carbhydrates, 484. Destination of, 502. In 

 relation to heat, 518 ; to work, 918. Neces- 

 sity for in work, 928 



Carbon, a source of animal heat. 882. Daily 

 excretion of, 883. Relation of to animal 

 heat, 916 



Carbonic acid, 99. Quantity in atmosphere, 

 823; in venous and arterial blood, 834. 

 Daily excretion of, 883, 884. Eliminated in 

 respiration, 824-827. Quantity determined, 

 824-827; modified, 842-847, 884. De- 

 structive to life, 857. Injurious in small 

 quantities, 857. Diffuses from blood, 838. 

 Effects of breathing it, 849 ; appearances 

 after death, 850 



Caries, 999 



CARNIVORA. Digestive organs, 572, 582, 585. 

 Digestive glands, 593, 595. Suprarenal 

 bodies, 750. Mammary glands, 766. Kid- 

 neys, 788- Respiration, 862. Touch, 370. 

 Taste, 380. Smell, 390. Sight, 473, 474. 

 Locomotion, 179. Prehension, 196. Cere- 

 brum, 321-324. Cerebellum, 327. Cor- 

 pora quadrigemina, 325 



Carnivorous Animals, digestive organs of, 572. 

 Destination of food in, 906. Respiration in, 

 885. Oxygen absorbed by, 824 



Cartilage, 21, 45, 985, 997. Composition, 77. 

 Precursory, 986. Ossifying, 986 



Caruncle, 447 



Casein, 74. Formation and use, 764, 905 



Castor of the beaver, 790 



Casts in urine, 774, 787 



Catalepsy, 1002 



Caterpillar, 939 



Cathelectrotonus, 228 



Cauda equina, 255, 963 



Cavities of the Body and contained organs, 25. 





