1014 



INDEX. 



Jacob's membrane, 426, 449 



Jaws, 95, 495 ; in animals, 579, 580 



Jaw, lower, development of, 967. Upper, de- 

 velopment of, 967 



Jejunum, 36, Ml, 512 



Joint oil, or synovia, 21, 155 



Joints, 21, 93, 153. Immovable, 154. Mixed. 

 154. Movable, 154 ; Ball and socket, 156 ) 

 Hinge or ginglyform, 156 ; Planiform, 155 ; 

 Special forms, 157 



Judgment, 291 



Keistin, 782 



Keratin, 73, 936 



KIDNEYS, 34, 98. Description of, 768-772. 

 Chemical composition, 769. Atrophy, or 

 disease of one, 769. Horseshoe, 769. Mov- 

 able or floating, 769. Hilus, 769. Sinus, 



769. Cortical substance, 769. Medullary 

 substance, 769. Malpighian corpuscles, 



770, 771. Pyramids (Malpighi), 770. Pa- 

 pillfe or mammillae, 770. Pelvis, 770. In- 

 fundibula, 770. Calyces, 770, 772. Tu- 

 buli uriniferi, 770. Tubes of Ferrein, 770. 

 Capsules, 770. Ducts of Bellini, 770. Ci- 

 lia in, of cold-blooded Vertebrata, 771. 

 Bloodvessels of Malpighian bodies, 771 ; 

 portal character of, 771. Arteries, 771. 

 Veins. 771. Lymphatics, 772. Nerves. 772. 

 Function of, 772. Office of Malpighian 



-corpuscles, 772 ; of spheroidal epithelium of 

 tubuli, 772, 773. Effect on blood, of extir- 

 pation of, 773 ; of ligature of ureters, 773. 

 Bright's disease, or granular degeneration, 

 786. Renal organs in animals, 787-790. 

 Primordial, 957. 972. Development, 973. 

 Ureter, 769, 772 



Kinesodic substance (in spinal cord), 273 



Kissing, sound of, 214 



Knee-joint, constructive adaptation to erect 

 posture, 170 



Kymographion, 664 



Labyrinth, or internal ear, 396 



Labyrintho-dentine, 579 



Lachrymal canals, or canaliculi, 418. 

 glands, 30, 98, 415,418. lake, 417. pa- 

 pillae, 418. puncta, 418. sac and 

 groove, 418 



Lactation, 761 ; how influenced, 765 



Lucteals, 36. 62, 96, 603, 604. Commence- 

 ment in villi, 603. Absorption by, 621 



Lactic acid, 76, 528, 781 



Lactin, 76, 762, 763 



Lacunae of bone, 46 



LAMELLIBRA.NCHIATA. Digestive organs, 590. 

 Digestive glands, 594. Circulation, 696. 

 Renal organs, 790. Respiration, 870. 

 Touch, 371. Sight, 477. Locomotion, 182, 

 188. Nervous system, 108, 330 



Lamina spiralis, 397. cribrosa. 423. 

 fusca, 424. of cerebellum, 244. dor- 

 salis, 954. Sensorial-, 954. Motorio-sex- 

 ual-, 954. Mucous-, 954 



Lanugo, 995 



Larva}. 937, 939 



Laryngeal movements, 207. nerves, func- 

 tions of, 213. muscles, action of, 206, 

 207. sac, 202 



Laryngoscope, 205 



Larynx, 31, 98. 200. Cartilages, 200. Mucous 



membrane, 202. Muscles, 202. Nerves, 



202. Ventricle, 201. Functions of, 205 

 Latebra of egg, 946 

 Laughing, 818. gas, 847 

 Lavoisier's theory of Animal Heat, 880-885 

 Leaping, 176. Combined with running, 176 

 Lecithin, 75 



Lens, crystalline, 428. Development of, 965 

 Lenses, errors of artificial, 435. Refraction of 



light by, 434 

 Lepidosiren, circulation in, 694. Respiration 



in, 865 



Leucaemia, 735 * 



Leucin, 75 

 Leucocythaamia. 735 

 Levers employed in the body, 162 

 Lieberkuhn's follicles, 542. 543. present 



in all Vertebrata, 597 

 Life, or vital action, 542, 543. Periods of, 



999 



Ligaments, 17, 21. 155. Elastic, 158 

 Ligamenta subflava, 158 

 Ligamentum denticulatum, 235. teres, 



156 

 Light, 430. Absorption of. 432. Efiects on 



the eye, 466. Evolution of, by Man, 889 ; 



by Animals, 890, 891 ; cause of, 891. 

 Refraction of, 433, 437 



Limbs, development of, 961 



Lingual nerve (see Trigeminal) 



Lips, absent in Birds, 573 ; in Reptiles. 573 



Liquid diffusion, 606. Rate of, with different 

 substances, 607 



Liquor amnii, 955 ; lymphae, 61. sangui- 

 nis. 57 (see Blood) 



Lisping, 215 



Lithic acid, 75, 779, 784. calculi, 784 



LIVER, 35, 95. Description, 531. Ligaments, 

 532. Lobes, 532. Lobules, 535, 536. Fis- 

 sures, 532. Bloodvessels, 533, 535. Lym- 

 phatics, 535. Proper substance, 535. 

 Nerves, 535. Interlobular tissue, 535. Se- 

 creting portion, 537. In embryo, a true 

 blood-gland, 744. Functions, 759. Glyco- 

 genic office, 541, 744-750 ; sugar from, 745 ; 

 quantity of sugar, 746 ; use of, 748 ; modi- 

 fied, 748; in snail, 751. Secreting office, 

 760. Considered as a blood-gland, 744-750. 

 In animals. 593, 594. Development of, 972. 



Lobe, electric, of torpedo, 893 



Lobes of cerebellum, 244; laminae of, 245. 



of the cerebrum, 239 : olfactory, 243, 

 965 



Lobular plexus of liver, 536 



LOCOMOTION of Animals in air, 189 ; in fluids, 

 184 ; on solids, 176. of Man in air, 189 ; 

 in fluids, 183; on solids, 167. In Mam- 

 malia, 176, 180-184, 189. Birds, 180, 181, 

 185, 190-193. Reptiles, 181, 182, 185, 186, 



189, 190. Amphibia, 182, 186. Fishes, 182, 

 186-188, 189, 190. Annulosa, 182, 188, 



190. Annuloida, 183, 188. Mollusca, 182, 

 188. Molluscoida, 188. Coelenterata, 188. 

 Protozoa, 183, 189 



Locomotive organs in Man, 152. Bones, 152. 



Joints, 153. Muscles, 159 

 Luminosity, Animal, 890 (see Light) 

 LUNGS, 31, 98, 799. Development of, 972. 

 Description of, 799. Mediastinum, 800. 

 Pleural covering, 800. Lobes, 801. Lob- 

 ules, 801. Parenchyma of, 801. Interlob- 



