INDEX. 



1019 



Pronation, 195 



Propagation of sound, 399 



Propionic acid, 76 



Prosencephalon, 963, 964 



Protein, 85 



Proteus, circulation, 694. Respiration, 864, 

 869 



Protoplasm, 67, 981, 982. Movements of, 149 



PROTOZOA, general characters and classes, 111. 

 Reproduction, 933, 935. Heat, 873. Lu- 

 minosity in, 891. Prehension of food, 574. 

 Alimentary cavity in higher, 592. Circula- 

 tion, 698. Contractile vesicles, 698. Res- 

 piration in, 872. Sight, possible, 480. Lo- 

 comotion on solids, 183 ; in fluids, 189. 

 Nervous system and action, 335 



Proventriculus in Birds, 586. Use of, 587 



Proximate constituents of the body, 71. In- 

 organic, 71, 82. Organic, 71, 83. Propor- 

 tions of, 897. Relative to daily food, 899 



Psalterium of Ruminants, 583 



Pseudo-branchiag of Fishes, 750 



Pseudo-haemal vessels of Annelida, 697 



Pseudoscope, 461 



Pseudova, 935, 937, 940 



Psychical functions of nervous system, 94, 218, 

 234, 286, 297, 300 



PTEROPODS. Digestive organs, 590. Digestive 

 glands, 581. Circulation, 696! Respiration, 

 870. Sight, 477. Locomotion, 188 



Ptyalin or salivin, 74, 524 



Puberty, 999 



Pulmonary artery, 33, 804. veins, 33, 804 



Pulmonated or air-breathing Vertebrata, warm 

 and cold-blooded, 690 



Pulp of tooth, 491 



PULSE, 666-673. Frequency, 654. Modified 

 by many causes. 654-656. Cause, immedi- 

 ate, 667. Remote, 666. Locomotion of ar- 

 tery in, 667. Theories of, 668. Pulse-wave, 

 rate of, 667. Characters of, 669, 671. Di- 

 chrotal, 668. Cause of, 670. Absolute du- 

 ration, 671. Volume of, 669. Influence of 

 respiratory movements on, 672. Modified 

 by heart's action, 672. Irregular. 672. In- 

 termittent, 672. Respiratory, 681. Ve- 

 nous, 646 



Pulse-respiration ratio, 656. Effect of disease 

 on, 813 



Pupa, 939 



Pupil of the eye, 425, 446, 966 



Purkinje, image of, 469 



Pus, 706 



Putrefaction, 1002 



Pyloric appendages, 597, 598 



Pylorus or pyloric valve, 508 



Pyramids of Malpighi, kidney, 770. Of the 

 medulla oblongata, 246; decussation of, 246 



QUADRUMANA. Digestive organs, 583, 584. 

 Digestive glands, 595. Mammary glands, 

 766. Touch, 370. Sight, 473, 474. Loco- 

 motion on solids, 176-178. Voice, 215. 

 Prehension, 196-197. Cerebrum, 320, 322, 

 323, 326. Cerebellum, 326, 327 



Quadrupeds, mode of standing and locomo- 

 tion, 178. Adaptation for swimming, 184 



Quinoidin, 830 



RADIATA. General characters, 103 

 Rales, 814, 815 



Reason, 291, 299 



Receptaculum chyli, 601; in Birds two, 630 



Reciprocation of sounds, 211 



Recollection, 298 



Recti muscles of eyeball, 420 



Rectum, 36, 514 



Reed of Ruminants, 583 



Reflection of light, 430, 431; sound, 401 



Reflex action of spinal cord, 274. acts, 

 222, 302. movements, 275, 302; respira- 

 tory, 274, 815, 816; sympathetic, 311 



Refraction of light, 433, 434 



Regeneration of the tissues, 997 



Regurgitation of food, 518. Contents of crop 

 by pigeon, 587 



Relations between Organic and Inorganic 

 Kingdoms, 124. Between Animals, and 

 Plants, and Minerals, 124. Between Ani- 

 mal and Vegetable Kingdoms, 117. Of Man 

 with Animals, 101. Of Man and Animals 

 with Plants, 117. Of Man with external 

 nature, 101 



Renal arteries, 771. veins, 771. 

 nerves, 772. vessels in animals, 789. 



excretion, 768 



Renal portal system in animals, 692, 789 



Rennet-bag of Ruminants, 583 



Reparation, 97, 698. of the tissues gener- 

 ally, 996; in animals, 996. Separate 

 tissues in Man, 996, 997 



Reparative force, 996. Phenomena, 707 



REPRODUCTION of the individual, 698, 933. 



of Vegetables, 934, 941. of Animals, 



934. Equivocal or spontaneous, 933, 940. 



of Vertebrata, 936. Mammalia, 946. 



Birds, 943. Reptiles, 948. Am- 

 phibia, 948. Fishes, 948. Mollusca, 936. 

 Molluscoida, 936, 937, 938. Annulosa, 936, 

 937. Annuloida, 936, 937, Coelenterata, 



935. 937. Protozoa, 933, 935, 937. In- 

 secta, 936, 938. Crustacea, 935, 937. En- 

 tozoa, 935, 936. Echinodermata, 938. Infu- 

 soria, 933-935, 938. Bee, 936. Aphides, 935, 

 937. Taenia, 938. Non- sexual, 934. Sex- 

 ual, 935. Fissiparous, or by division, 934, 

 937, 940. Gemmiparous, or by buds, 935, 

 940. Oviparous, 935-941. Hermaphrodite, 



936. Parthenogenetic, 936, 940. Alter- 

 .nate, 937, 940. Ovoviviparous, 948. Vi- 

 viparous, 941. Of a lost part, 698 



REPTILIA. Prehension of food, 573. Teeth, 

 577,578. Jaws, 580. Salivary glands, 581. 

 Pharynx, 582. (Esophagus, 588. Stomach, 

 588. Integuments of, 372. Intestines, 

 588, 589. Cloaca, 588. Liver, 593. Gall- 

 bladder, 594. Pancreas, 596. Lymphatic 

 hearts, 630. Portal circulation, 692. 

 Heart, 691. Aortic arches, 691, 692. 

 Pulmonary and systemic circulations, 691, 

 692. Renal portal system, 692. Respira- 

 tion, 864. Spleen, 750. Suprarenal bodies, 

 750. Thyroid body, 750. Tbymus gland, 

 750. Kidneys, 788. Thorax, 864. Lungs, 

 864. Tongue, 380. Touch, 371. Taste, 

 380. Smell, 391. Hearing, 413. Sight, 

 475. Heat. 874. Ova of, 948. Lo- 

 comotion on solids, 181, 182; in fluids, 185, 

 186 ; in air, 189. 190. Voice, 217. En- 

 cephalon, 320. Cerebrum, 321, 322, 324, 

 325, 326. Cerebellum, 326, 327. Spinal 

 cord, 327. Vagus nerve, 328, Corpora 

 bigemina, 325. Reproduction of, 948. 



