1020 



INDEX. 



Reserve air, 818, 819, 820 



Residual air, 818, 819, 820 



Resonance of sounds, 210 



Resorption, 629 



RESPIRATION. Organs of, 797. Air-passages, 

 798. ciliated, 812. Bronchi, 798, 799. 

 Lungs, 799-804; air-cells, 803, 804; air- 

 sacs, 803; arteries, bronchial. 804; pulmo- 

 nary, 804; bronchia, 802; intercellular pas- 

 sages, 803; lobes, 801; lobules, 801; lym- 

 phatics, 804; nerves, 804; parenchyma, 801; 

 pleura, 800; veins, bronchial, 804; pulmo- 

 nary, 804. Thorax, 707; cavity of, 707; 

 framework of. 707 ; openings of, 707. Tra- 

 chea, 797-799 



function of, 98, 795. Activity of. 



related to number and size of red corpus- 

 cles, 837. Air, changes of, 821; in compo- 

 sition, 823; in moisture, 821, 822; in tem- 

 perature, 837; complemental, 819, 820; 

 composition of dry, 823; effect of a single 

 respiration on, 823; ingress of, facilitated, 

 809; reserve, 818, 819; residual, 819, 820; 

 supplemental, 819, 820; tidal, 819, 820; 

 quantity of, inspired and expired in 24 

 hours, 821. Artificial respirntion, 854-857. 

 Breathing air, 819. Carbonic acid, elimina- 

 tion of, 824; experiments on quantity given 

 off, 824-827; quantity given off in 24 hours, 

 827; how modified, 842-847. Capacity of 

 chest, extreme differential, 819. Chemical 

 processes, how modified, 842-847. Cilia, 

 use of in, 812. Disorders of, 814, 817; 

 from injury to thoracic walls, 810. Effects 

 of on the blood and tissues, 828-842; on 

 color of the blood, 828 ; causes of, 828-832; 

 on fibrin of the blood, 832; gases of the 

 blood, 833-842; temperature of the 

 blood, 833 ; of other gases than air on, 847- 

 850; of impure air in. 857, 861. Elastic 

 force of lung in : 811, 812. Embryonic, 958, 

 976. Gases, diffusion of, in, 834-838. Im- 

 mediate effect of, 795. Importance of, 796. 

 Nervous system, influence of, on, 815-817. 

 Nitrogen, elimination of, 827. Organic 

 matter, elimination of, 828. Oxidation 

 process, object of, 842; seat of, 838-841. 

 Oxygen, absorption of, 824; explanation of 

 interchanges of gases in, 834-842 ; souroe 

 of, 796 ; quantity modified, 842-844. Pe- 

 riod of a, consists of three stages, 813. 

 Pulse-respiration ratio, 813; in disease, 813. 

 Varieties of, abdominal, 806 ; how hin- 

 dered, 807 ; diaphragmatic, 806 ; costal in- 

 ferior, 806, superior, 806 ; number of per 

 minute, at different ages, 813 ; number of 

 circumstances which modify the, 813 ; pec- 

 toral, 807. Rhythm of, 813; affected by ner- 

 vous system, 815-817. Sounds of, various, 

 814, 815. Spirometer. a measure of, 819. 

 Intestinal, 563. Mechanism of, 805. 

 Movements of, reflex, 815. Movements of 

 expiration, 810-813; partly passive, 810; 

 elasticity of lung in, 810, 811 ; muscles con- 

 cerned in, 812, 813; walls of air-cells, used 

 in, 812 ; in Birds, active, 863 ; force of, 

 814. Movements of inspiration, 805-810; 

 first, at birth, 816; chief work of, 809; 

 enlargement of thorax in, 805, 806; force of, 

 814; in full, 821 ; ingress of air, how facili- 

 tated, 809 ; muscles concerned in, 806-809 ; 

 supplementary uses of, 817, 818. Nerves, 



afferent and efferent of, 815, 816 ; effect of 

 division of, 816, 817. Nervous centre, le 

 noeud vital, or vital knot, 280, 281, 816. 

 Substances oxidized in, nature of, 841. 

 Temporary suspension of, 852-854. Ulti- 

 mate uses of, 796. Vital capacity of chest, 

 818, 819, 820, 821 ; how influenced, 820. 

 821. Want of breath, feeling of, 815, 816^ 

 In animals, 862-872 ; aerial, 796, 862-868 ; 

 aquatic, 796, 868-872 ; in warm-blooded 

 animals, 888 ; in cold-blooded animals, 

 888 ; in Mammalia, 862 ; Birds, 862, 863. 

 Reptiles, 864, 888. Amphibia, 864, 865, 

 869 ; Fishes, 865, 866, 869, 870 ; Mollusca, 



866, 870, 871 ; Molluscoida, 871 ; Annu- 

 losa, 866, 868, 871; Annuloida, 871 ; Coe- 

 lenterata, 872 ; Protozoa, 871 ; in Insects, 



867, 868 ; in Plants, 796 



Respiratory food, 484, 900, 907, 918 ; dis- 

 turbances produce diabetes, 749 ; tract, 

 816 



Restiform bodies, 246, 247 . 



Retching, 518 



Rete mucosum, 354 



Retia mirabilia in animals, 690, 693 



Reticulum of Ruminants, 583 



Retina, 419, 425, 966. Action of, 448. Cor- 

 responding parts of, 457. Retinal elements, 

 426. images, extra-retinal, 468 ; intra- 

 retinal, 469. impressions, 463 



Rheoscopic limb of a frog, 231 



Rhonchi, 814, 815 



Rhythm of the heart, 652. of respiratory 

 acts, 813 



Rhythmic contraction, 133 



Ribs, 17, 962 



Rigidity of death, or rigor mortis, 144, 1002. 

 Probable causes of, 145. Time of occur- 

 rence, 144 



Rivinian duct, 521 



Rods of Corti, 398, 399, 407 



RODENTIA. Digestive organs, 584. Digestive 

 glands, 593. 594, 595. - Suprarenal bodies, 

 750. Touch, 370. Sight, 473. Locomo- 

 tion, 180. Cerebrum, 321, 322, 323, 324, 

 326. Cerebellum, 326 



ROTIFERA. Digestive organs, 591. Digestive 

 glands, 582, 593, 597. Water-vessels, 698 ; 

 Respiration, 871. Touch, 372. Hearing, 

 413. Sight, 479. Locomotion, 188 



Rumen of Ruminants, 583 



RUMINANTIA. Digestive organs, 583, 585. Di- 

 gestive glands, 581, 593, 594, 595. Bone of 

 heart, 690. Mammary glands, 766. Smell. 

 390. Sight, 473, 474. Locomotion, 178, 

 179, 180. Cerebrum, 321, 323, 324. Cere- 

 bellum, 326 



Rumination, 583, 584. Reflex character of. 

 584 



Running, act of, 175 



Saliva, 95. Flow of, aided by muscular con- 

 traction, 522. Influence of nervous system 

 on secretion of, 522. 523. Effect of mercury 

 on flow of, 522. Chemical composition of, 

 523. Corpuscles of, 523. Cause of alka- 

 linity of, 524. Action of, 546. Sulpho- 

 cyanide of potassium in, 524. Present in 

 upper part of duodenum, 561 

 Salivary bladder in Ant-eater, 581 

 Salivary glands, 31, 95, 521. Sublingual, 30, 



