1024 



INDEX. 



Tone of voice, nasal, 210. veiled, 211 



TONGUE, nerves of, 375. Papillae of, 373. 

 Parts of, 373. Structure of, 499, 500. Use 

 of, in mastication, 498; in deglutition, 501. 

 Closed sacs of, 741. In Birds, 197, 198. 

 In Gasteropoda, 580 



Tongued instruments, 203, 205 



Tonicity of muscle, 135, 278 



Tonsils, 30, 501. Present in Mammalia, 582. 

 Closed sacs of, 741 



Torpedoes, electrical, 893-895 



Touch, as the tactile sense, 361. After-sensa- 

 tions of, 366. Delicacy in different parts of 

 the body, 363. Education of, 367. Hallu- 

 cinations connected with, 367. Informa- 

 tion conveyed by the sense of, 361, 365. 

 Organ of, 354. Sensation excited by inter- 

 nal causes, 366. Sense of, 354. Sense and 

 organs in Animals, 371-373 



Trachea, 31, 798, 799. Of Insects, 796, 867 



Trance, 1002 



Transformation, (see Metamorphosis) 



Transfusion of blood. 715 



Trigeminal or trifacial nerve, 250, 264. 

 Third division, lingual or gustatory nerve, 



. 251, 375, 376 . 



Trochlear joints, 156. Nerve, 250, 264 



Trommer's test for sugar, 787 



Trunk, 17 



Tube, Eustachian, 394, 405. Fallopian, 947 



Tubuli uriniferi, 770. In animals, 788, 789 



Tulp, valve of, 516 



Tumors, 706 



Tunicata, amyloid substance in, 745 



Tympanum or middle ear, 393. Muscles of, 

 396, 405. Ossicles of, 394. and its bones, 

 development of, 966. Uses of, 410 



Types of form in animal series, 113. Annu- 

 loid type, 114. Annulose type, 113. Coe- 

 lenterate type, 114. Molluscoid type, 113. 

 Molluscous type, 113. Protozoic type, 114. 

 Vertebrate type, 113 



Typhlosole of Annelida, 591 



Tyrosin, 75 



Ulcer, 707 



Ulceration, 629, 706 



Ultimate chemical constituents of the body. 

 82. Table of elements, 86 



Ultimum moriens, 135. and primum vi- 

 vens, 723 



Umbilical vesicle, 955, 956, 968. Arteries, 

 957, 959, 975, 978. Opening, 957. Cord, 

 959. Vessels, 957. Vein, 959, 975, 978 



Unity in variety in animals, 117 



Upper limb of man, adaptations, 193. Struc- 

 ture of. 193 



Urachus, 957, 972 



Uraemic poisoning, 778 



Urea, 75, 776, 777. Mode in which it is ob- 

 tained, 776, 777. Sources of, 777, 778. 

 Effect of retention of, 778. Quantity ex- 

 creted, 776, 777, 778. Excretion of, in- 

 creased, 778. As a measure of work, 922. 

 Not dependent on exercise, 924, 926. De- 

 pendent on food, 924, 926. Source of, 905, 

 906. Increased by food, more than by ex- 

 ercise, 906. Relation to mental work, 922, 

 932 



Ureters, 35, 769. Effect of ligature of, on 

 blood, 773. 



Uric acid, 75, 778. How obtained, 779. Quan- 

 tity diminished, 780. Excreted, 779, 780. 

 Quantity increased, 780. Excreted by Rep- 

 tiles, 779. By Birds, 779. By Mollusca, 

 and Annulosa, 789, 790. In chalkstones, 

 780. Calculi, 784 



Urina potus, 775. cibi vel chyli, 775. 

 sanguinis, 775. 



Urinary bladder, inversion of, 774. Structure 

 of, 774 



Urinary organs, Development of, 972 



Urine, 774. Casts in, 774. Albuminous, 774, 

 786, 787. Passage of, from kidneys to blad- 

 der, 774. Excretion of, rapid and constant, 



774. Influence of nervous system on excre- 

 tion of, 774. Daily quantity excreted, 774. 

 Partly solid in Birds and Reptiles, 772. In 

 Bright's disease, 775. In diabetes mellitus, 



775. Reaction of, 775, 781. 782. Compo- 

 sition of, 775, 776. Water of, 776. Urea (see 

 Urea). Uric acid (see Uric acid). Hippuric 

 acid, 780. Creatin and creatinin, 780, 781. 

 Uro-hsematin, or coloring substance, 781. 

 Extractive matters, 781. Lactic acid, 781. 

 Oxalic acid, 782. Salts, 782; sediments, 

 783. Calculi, 784. Substances which enter 

 it unchanged, 784. Alkaline in Herbivora, 

 785. Most substances enter it changed. 784. 

 Rapidity with which soluble substances pass 

 into, 785. Bile in, 786. Sugar in, 786. Al- 

 bumen in, 786 ; how produced, 786. 

 Bright's disease, 786 ; how detected, 786. 

 The most complex animal excretion, 787 



Uro-genital sinus, 957, 972 



Uro-hsematin, 781 



Uropygii glandulse, of Birds, 791 



Uterus, 947. Venous sinuses of, 959. Vari- 

 ous forms of, 974 



Utricle, primordial, 981 



Uvula, 30, 500. Absent in animals, except 

 in higher Quadrumana, 582 



Vagi nerves (see Pneumogastric nerves) 



Valsalva, Sinuses of, 635, 636 



Valve of Thebesius, 633. Eustachian, 633. 

 Tricuspid, 634. Semilunar, 634, 636. Mi- 

 tral or bicuspid, 636. Ileo-csecal, 516. 

 Absent in Monotremata, 585. some 

 Edentata, 585 ; certain Cheiroptera, 585 ; 

 - Cetacea, 585 ; Birds, 587. Indistinct 

 or absent in Amphibia, 589. No distinct, 

 in Fishes, 589. Of Tulp or Bauhin, 516. Of 

 veins (see Veins). Of lymphatics (see Lym- 

 phatics) 



Valvulae conniventes, 513 



Varicose veins, 682 



Vasa serosa, 673. vasorum of arteries, 54; 



of veins, 55 



Vascular glands (see Ductless glands) 

 Vasi-motor nerves, influence of, 308 

 Vaso-dentine in the Fish, 579 

 Vegetable albumen, 482, 486. cells, 119, 

 980. Kingdom, general outlines, 117, 



motion, 150. textures, 119 

 Vegetative functions, 95, 480 ; nutritive, 95 ; 



reproductive, 100 



VEINS, 25, 66. Circulation through, 677-684 ; 

 systemic, 677 ; pulmonary, 677 ; causes of, 

 677 ; muscular pressure aids, 679 ; respira- 

 tory movements aid, 679, 680 ; valves, 679, 

 681. Diverticular action of, 670. Rhythmic 



